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DSP-4000 Series

CableAnalyzer



Users Manual

July 2001, Rev. 1, 5/03

All product names are trademarks of their respective companies.

LIMITED WARRANTY & LIMITATION OF LIABILITY

Each Fluke Networks product is warranted to be free from defects in material and workmanship

under normal use and service. The warranty period is one year and begins on the date of purchase.

Parts, accessories, product repairs and services are warranted for 90 days. This warranty extends

only to the original buyer or end-user customer of a Fluke Networks authorized reseller, and does not

apply to disposable batteries, cable connector tabs, cable insulation-displacement connectors, or to

any product which, in Fluke Networks’ opinion, has been misused, altered, neglected, contaminated,

or damaged by accident or abnormal conditions of operation or handling. Fluke Networks warrants

that software will operate substantially in accordance with its functional specifications for 90 days and

that it has been properly recorded on non-defective media. Fluke Networks does not warrant that

software will be error free or operate without interruption.

Fluke Networks authorized resellers shall extend this warranty on new and unused products to end-

user customers only but have no authority to extend a greater or different warranty on behalf of Fluke

Networks. Warranty support is available only if product is purchased through a Fluke Networks

authorized sales outlet or Buyer has paid the applicable international price. Fluke Networks reserves

the right to invoice Buyer for importation costs of repair/replacement parts when product purchased

in one country is submitted for repair in another country.

Fluke Networks’ warranty obligation is limited, at Fluke Networks’ option, to refund of the purchase

price, free of charge repair, or replacement of a defective product which is returned to a Fluke

Networks authorized service center within the warranty period.

To obtain warranty service, contact your nearest Fluke Networks authorized service center to obtain

return authorization information, then send the product to that service center, with a description of the

difficulty, postage and insurance prepaid (FOB Destination). Fluke Networks assumes no risk for

damage in transit. Following warranty repair, the product will be returned to Buyer, transportation

prepaid (FOB Destination). If Fluke Networks determines that failure was caused by neglect, misuse,

contamination, alteration, accident or abnormal condition of operation or handling, or normal wear

and tear of mechanical components, Fluke Networks will provide an estimate of repair costs and

obtain authorization before commencing the work. Following repair, the product will be returned to

the Buyer transportation prepaid and the Buyer will be billed for the repair and return transportation

charges (FOB Shipping Point).

THIS WARRANTY IS BUYER’S SOLE AND EXCLUSIVE REMEDY AND IS IN LIEU OF ALL

OTHER WARRANTIES, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO ANY

IMPLIED WARRANTY OF MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.

FLUKE NETWORKS SHALL NOT BE LIABLE FOR ANY SPECIAL, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL OR

CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES OR LOSSES, INCLUDING LOSS OF DATA, ARISING FROM ANY

CAUSE OR THEORY.

Since some countries or states do not allow limitation of the term of an implied warranty, or exclusion

or limitation of incidental or consequential damages, the limitations and exclusions of this warranty

may not apply to every buyer. If any provision of this Warranty is held invalid or unenforceable by a

court or other decision-maker of competent jurisdiction, such holding will not affect the validity or

enforceability of any other provision.

Fluke Networks, Inc.

PO Box 777

Everett, WA 98206-0777

USA

6-01

Table of Contents

Chapter Page

1 Introduction................................................................................................... 1-1

Contacting Fluke Networks......................................................................................... 1-1

Registration................................................................................................................. 1-2

Overview of Features.................................................................................................. 1-2

Standard Accessories................................................................................................... 1-4

Using This Manual...................................................................................................... 1-6

2 Getting Started.............................................................................................. 2-1

Read First: Safety and Operational Information.......................................................... 2-1

Quick Start .................................................................................................................. 2-4

Powering the Test Tool........................................................................................ 2-4

Using the Menus .................................................................................................. 2-4

Using the Link Interface Adapters....................................................................... 2-5

Formatting the Memory Card (DSP-4100/4300) ................................................. 2-6

Quick Configuration............................................................................................. 2-8

Results within Accuracy Range ........................................................................... 2-9

Autotest on Twisted Pair Cabling........................................................................ 2-10

Saving Test Reports............................................................................................. 2-11

Using the Talk Mode............................................................................................ 2-15

Autotest on Coaxial Cabling................................................................................ 2-16

Main Unit Features...................................................................................................... 2-18

Remote Features.......................................................................................................... 2-21

Link Interface Adapter Features.................................................................................. 2-23

Permanent Link Interface Adapters (DSP-4000PL/4300).................................... 2-24

Changing the Personality Module (DSP-4000PL/4300)...................................... 2-25

Strap and Bail.............................................................................................................. 2-26

Rotary Switch.............................................................................................................. 2-26

Off........................................................................................................................ 2-26

Autotest................................................................................................................ 2-27

Single Test ........................................................................................................... 2-28

Monitor ................................................................................................................ 2-29

DSP-4000 Series

Users Manual

Setup..................................................................................................................... 2-29

Print...................................................................................................................... 2-30

Special Functions................................................................................................. 2-30

Turning On the Test Tool............................................................................................ 2-31

Selecting a Language for Displays and Reports................................................... 2-31

Performing a Self-Test......................................................................................... 2-32

Overvoltage Test.................................................................................................. 2-32

Noise Test ............................................................................................................ 2-33

Configuring the Test Tool........................................................................................... 2-33

Controlling the Backlight..................................................................................... 2-33

Adjusting the Display Contrast ............................................................................ 2-34

Selecting a Power Line Filter Frequency ............................................................. 2-34

Selecting a Test Standard and Cable Type........................................................... 2-35

Editing the Report Identification.......................................................................... 2-36

Setting Up Cable IDs............................................................................................ 2-37

Viewing the Cable ID Configuration and Memory Status ................................... 2-40

Storing Plot Data with Saved Autotest Results (DSP-4100/4300)....................... 2-40

Selecting a Length Unit........................................................................................ 2-40

Selecting a Numeric Format................................................................................. 2-41

Setting the Date and Time.................................................................................... 2-41

Setting the Power-Down Timer............................................................................ 2-42

Enabling or Disabling the Audible Tones............................................................ 2-42

Remote Lights, Messages, and Audible Tones............................................................ 2-43

Remote Communication Error .................................................................................... 2-43

Battery Status .............................................................................................................. 2-44

Battery Status Display................................................................................................. 2-45

Conditioning the Battery...................................................................................... 2-45

3 Autotest.......................................................................................................... 3-1

Autotest Softkeys ........................................................................................................ 3-1

Autotest on Twisted Pair Cabling................................................................................ 3-2

Link Performance Grade Result (Headroom).............................................................. 3-6

Worst Margin and Worst Value Results...................................................................... 3-6

Automatic Diagnostics ................................................................................................ 3-7

Autotest Results for Twisted Pair Cabling .................................................................. 3-8

Wire Map Test...................................................................................................... 3-8

Resistance............................................................................................................. 3-10

Length .................................................................................................................. 3-10

Propagation Delay and Delay Skew..................................................................... 3-11

Characteristic Impedance..................................................................................... 3-11

Attenuation (Insertion Loss)................................................................................. 3-12

NEXT Test........................................................................................................... 3-14

NEXT@REMOTE............................................................................................... 3-16

ELFEXT Test....................................................................................................... 3-16

ACR ..................................................................................................................... 3-19

ACR@REMOTE ................................................................................................. 3-21

Contents (continued)

iii

Return Loss (RL) ................................................................................................. 3-21

RL@REMOTE .................................................................................................... 3-23

PSNEXT (Power Sum NEXT) and PSNEXT@REMOTE.................................. 3-23

PSELFEXT (Power Sum ELFEXT) .................................................................... 3-23

PSACR (Power Sum ACR) and PSACR@REMOTE ......................................... 3-23

Autotest on Coaxial Cabling....................................................................................... 3-23

Autotest Results for Coaxial Cabling.......................................................................... 3-25

Characteristic Impedance..................................................................................... 3-25

Resistance............................................................................................................. 3-26

Length.................................................................................................................. 3-26

Anomaly............................................................................................................... 3-26

Saving Autotest Results .............................................................................................. 3-27

Saving Results with Auto Sequence Disabled ..................................................... 3-27

Saving Results with Auto Sequence Enabled....................................................... 3-29

Saving Results with Downloaded Cable IDs (DSP-4300)................................... 3-30

Changing the Cable ID for a Saved Autotest Report ........................................... 3-30

If Memory is Full................................................................................................. 3-31

Saving Results to Internal Memory (DSP-4300) ................................................. 3-31

The Autotest Report.................................................................................................... 3-32

4 Running Individual Tests ............................................................................. 4-1

Single Tests for Twisted Pair Cabling......................................................................... 4-1

Scanning Function....................................................................................................... 4-2

When to Use a Remote Unit........................................................................................ 4-2

Running a Single Test on Twisted Pair Cabling.......................................................... 4-4

The HDTDX Analyzer................................................................................................ 4-6

Running the HDTDX Analyzer............................................................................ 4-6

HDTDX Analyzer Results ................................................................................... 4-7

HDTDX Analyzer Plot......................................................................................... 4-8

The HDTDR Test........................................................................................................ 4-9

How to Terminate the Cable ................................................................................ 4-9

Running the HDTDR Test on Twisted Pair Cabling............................................ 4-11

Running the HDTDR Test on Coaxial Cabling.................................................... 4-11

HDTDR Results Screen ....................................................................................... 4-12

HDTDR Plot Screen............................................................................................. 4-12

Single Test Results for Twisted Pair Cabling.............................................................. 4-14

Wire Map............................................................................................................. 4-14

Length.................................................................................................................. 4-14

NEXT and NEXT@REMOTE............................................................................. 4-14

ELFEXT............................................................................................................... 4-14

Impedance............................................................................................................ 4-15

Attenuation (Insertion Loss) ................................................................................ 4-15

Resistance............................................................................................................. 4-15

Return Loss (RL) and RL@REMOTE................................................................. 4-15

Power Sum NEXT and Power Sum NEXT@REMOTE...................................... 4-15

Power Sum ELFEXT ........................................................................................... 4-15

DSP-4000 Series

Users Manual

Single Tests for Coaxial Cabling................................................................................. 4-16

Running a Single Test on Coaxial Cabling .......................................................... 4-16

Single Test Results for Coaxial Cabling .............................................................. 4-18

Monitoring Network Activity...................................................................................... 4-19

Identifying Hub Port Connections............................................................................... 4-22

Monitoring Impulse Noise........................................................................................... 4-22

Changing the Impulse Noise Threshold............................................................... 4-23

Running the Impulse Noise Test.......................................................................... 4-23

Noise Test Results................................................................................................ 4-25

Determining Hub Port Capabilities............................................................................. 4-26

Using the Tone Generator ........................................................................................... 4-26

5 Viewing and Printing Saved Reports........................................................... 5-1

Viewing, Renaming, and Deleting Test Reports......................................................... 5-1

Printing Test Reports................................................................................................... 5-2

Configuring the Serial Port .................................................................................. 5-3

Printer Interface Cable ......................................................................................... 5-3

Printing................................................................................................................. 5-4

If the Printer Does Not Respond .......................................................................... 5-6

Viewing and Printing Reports from a PC.................................................................... 5-6

6 Calibrations and Custom Test Standards................................................... 6-1

Calibrating the Test Tool............................................................................................. 6-1

Calibrating the Permanent Link Adapters................................................................... 6-3

NVP Calibration.......................................................................................................... 6-3

Configuring a Custom Test ......................................................................................... 6-4

7 Basic Cabling Testing................................................................................... 7-1

LAN Cable Construction............................................................................................. 7-1

Twisted Pair Cable............................................................................................... 7-2

Coaxial Cable....................................................................................................... 7-4

Basic Link Connections............................................................................................... 7-5

Channel Connections................................................................................................... 7-6

Permanent Link Connections ...................................................................................... 7-7

Attenuation (Insertion Loss)........................................................................................ 7-8

Noise ...........................................................................................................................7-9

Characteristic Impedance ............................................................................................ 7-10

Minimizing Impedance Discontinuities....................................................................... 7-11

Crosstalk...................................................................................................................... 7-11

NEXT.......................................................................................................................... 7-12

FEXT and ELFEXT .................................................................................................... 7-12

Locating NEXT and ELFEXT Problems..................................................................... 7-14

Split Pairs and NEXT........................................................................................... 7-16

Minimizing Crosstalk........................................................................................... 7-17

Power Sum Values ...................................................................................................... 7-17

Propagation Delay and Delay Skew............................................................................ 7-18

Contents (continued)

iii

Nominal Velocity of Propagation (NVP).................................................................... 7-19

NVP and Length Measurements .......................................................................... 7-20

NVP Calibration................................................................................................... 7-20

High-Definition Time Domain Reflectometry (HDTDR)........................................... 7-20

Reflections from Opens........................................................................................ 7-21

Reflections from Shorts........................................................................................ 7-22

Reflections from Other Anomalies ...................................................................... 7-22

Cable Termination................................................................................................ 7-23

Interpreting the HDTDR Plot............................................................................... 7-23

ACR ............................................................................................................................ 7-24

RL................................................................................................................................ 7-26

Troubleshooting Basics............................................................................................... 7-27

8 Maintenance and Specifications ................................................................. 8-1

Getting Software Upgrades......................................................................................... 8-1

Maintenance................................................................................................................ 8-1

Cleaning and Storage ........................................................................................... 8-2

Replacing the NiMH Battery Pack....................................................................... 8-2

Internal Lithium Backup Battery.......................................................................... 8-3

If the Test Tool Fails................................................................................................... 8-3

Service Center Repair .......................................................................................... 8-3

Replacement Parts................................................................................................ 8-5

Options and Accessories...................................................................................... 8-6

Specifications.............................................................................................................. 8-8

Calculated Measurement Accuracy...................................................................... 8-8

Traceable Calibration Period................................................................................ 8-8

Self-Calibration Period ........................................................................................ 8-8

Compatibility with Remotes and Link Interface Adapters................................... 8-9

Standard Link Interface Adapters ........................................................................ 8-9

Cable Types Tested.............................................................................................. 8-10

Test Standards...................................................................................................... 8-11

Time for Autotest................................................................................................. 8-11

Length.................................................................................................................. 8-12

Propagation Delay................................................................................................ 8-12

Delay Skew.......................................................................................................... 8-12

DC Loop Resistance Test..................................................................................... 8-12

Measurement Accuracy as Specified in Relevant Standards................................ 8-13

Typical Measurement Accuracies........................................................................ 8-14

HDTDX Analyzer Specifications for Cables <100 m (328 ft).......................... 8-18

HDTDR Specifications for Cables <100 m (328 ft) ......................................... 8-18

Impulse Noise ...................................................................................................... 8-18

Characteristic Impedance..................................................................................... 8-18

LAN Traffic Monitoring ...................................................................................... 8-19

Tone Generator .................................................................................................... 8-19

Serial Interface..................................................................................................... 8-19

PC Interface Cable ............................................................................................... 8-20

DSP-4000 Series

Users Manual

Power ................................................................................................................... 8-21

Environmental Requirements............................................................................... 8-21

Electromagnetic Compatibility............................................................................. 8-21

Input Ratings........................................................................................................ 8-22

Certification and Compliance............................................................................... 8-23

Test Results Memory for the DSP-4100/4300 ..................................................... 8-23

Test Results Memory for the DSP-4000 .............................................................. 8-24

Dimensions........................................................................................................... 8-24

Weight.................................................................................................................. 8-24

Display................................................................................................................. 8-24

Warranty............................................................................................................... 8-24

Appendices

A Tests Supported by LIAs...................................................................................... A-1

B Glossary................................................................................................................ B-1

Index

vii

List of Tables

Table Title Page

2-1. International Electrical Symbols................................................................................. 2-1

2-2. Key Functions for the Menu System........................................................................... 2-4

2-3. Quick Configuration Settings...................................................................................... 2-8

2-4. Main Unit Features...................................................................................................... 2-19

2-5. Remote Connectors and Features................................................................................ 2-22

2-6. Status Indications from the Remote ............................................................................ 2-43

2-7. Battery Status Messages.............................................................................................. 2-44

3-1. Wire Map Displays...................................................................................................... 3-8

3-2. Items on the Attenuation Results Screen..................................................................... 3-12

3-3. Items on the NEXT Results Screen............................................................................. 3-14

3-4. Items on the ELFEXT Results Screen......................................................................... 3-17

3-5. Items on the ACR Results Screen ............................................................................... 3-19

3-6. Items on the RL Results Screen .................................................................................. 3-21

4-1. Remote Requirements for Cable Tests........................................................................ 4-3

4-2. Items on the HDTDX Analyzer Results Screen.......................................................... 4-7

4-3. Effects of Termination on HDTDR Results................................................................ 4-10

4-4. Items on an HDTDR Results Screen (Twisted Pair Results) ...................................... 4-12

4-5. Items on the Traffic Monitor Screen........................................................................... 4-21

4-6. Items on the Noise Monitor Screen............................................................................. 4-25

7-1. Identifying Cabling Faults........................................................................................... 7-28

8-1. Troubleshooting the Test Tool.................................................................................... 8-4

8-2. Replacement Parts....................................................................................................... 8-5

8-3. Options and Accessories ............................................................................................. 8-6

8-4. Performance Parameters.............................................................................................. 8-13

8-5. PC Interface Cable Connections.................................................................................. 8-20

8-6. 9-to 25-pin Adapter..................................................................................................... 8-20

A-1. Tests Supported by Standard Link Interface Adapters................................................ A-2

DSP-4000 Series

Users Manual

viii

List of Figures

Figure Title Page

1-1. Standard Accessories................................................................................................... 1-5

2-1. Attaching a Link Interface Adapter............................................................................. 2-6

2-2. Inserting and Removing the Memory card.................................................................. 2-7

2-3. The Asterisk and Test Tool Accuracy......................................................................... 2-9

2-4. Typical Test Connections for a Basic Link................................................................. 2-12

2-5. Typical Test Connections for a Channel..................................................................... 2-13

2-6. Typical Test Connections for a Permanent Link......................................................... 2-14

2-7. Autotest Connections for Coaxial Cabling.................................................................. 2-17

2-8. Main Unit Features...................................................................................................... 2-18

2-9. Remote Features.......................................................................................................... 2-21

2-10. Link Interface Adapter Features.................................................................................. 2-23

2-11. Permanent Link Adapter Handling Guidelines ........................................................... 2-24

2-12. Changing the Personality Module............................................................................... 2-25

2-13. Attaching the Strap and Opening the Bail................................................................... 2-26

3-1. Typical Test Connections for a Basic Link................................................................. 3-3

3-2. Typical Test Connections for a Channel..................................................................... 3-4

3-3. Typical Test Connections for a Permanent Link......................................................... 3-5

3-4. Examples of Automatic Diagnostics Displays ............................................................ 3-7

3-5. The Attenuation Plot Screen........................................................................................ 3-13

3-6. The NEXT Plot Screen................................................................................................ 3-15

3-7. The ELFEXT Plot Screen ........................................................................................... 3-18

3-8. The ACR Plot Screen.................................................................................................. 3-20

3-9. The RL Plot Screen..................................................................................................... 3-22

3-10. Autotest Connections for Coaxial Cabling.................................................................. 3-24

3-11. Saving Autotest Results (Auto Increment and Auto Sequence Disabled)................... 3-28

3-12. Autotest Report in Tabular Format.............................................................................. 3-33

3-13. Autotest Report in Graphical Format.......................................................................... 3-34

4-1. Single Test Connections for Twisted Pair Cabling ..................................................... 4-5

4-2. Example of an HDTDX Analyzer Plot for a Good Twisted Pair Cable Run .............. 4-8

4-3. Example of an HDTDR Plot (Twisted Pair Results)................................................... 4-13

4-4. Single Test Connections for Coaxial Cabling............................................................. 4-17

4-5. Connections for Monitoring Network Traffic............................................................. 4-19

DSP-4000 Series

Users Manual

4-6. Typical Connections for Monitoring Impulse Noise................................................... 4-24

5-1. Connections for Printing Test Reports........................................................................ 5-4

6-1. Connections for Self-Calibration................................................................................. 6-2

7-1. Twisted Pair Cable Construction................................................................................. 7-2

7-2. EIA/TIA RJ45 Connections ........................................................................................ 7-3

7-3. Coaxial Cable Construction......................................................................................... 7-4

7-4. Basic Link Test Connections....................................................................................... 7-5

7-5. Channel Test Connections........................................................................................... 7-6

7-6. Permanent Link Test Connections............................................................................... 7-7

7-7. Attenuation of a Signal................................................................................................ 7-8

7-8. Sources of Electrical Noise ......................................................................................... 7-9

7-9. How FEXT Signals are All Equally Attenuated.......................................................... 7-13

7-10. An HDTDX Analyzer Plot.......................................................................................... 7-14

7-11. Split Pair Wiring..........................................................................................................7-16

7-12. How NVP is Calculated .............................................................................................. 7-19

7-13. Signals Reflected from an Open, Shorted, and Terminated Cable.............................. 7-21

7-14. Example of an HDTDR Plot........................................................................................ 7-23

7-15. A Plot of NEXT, Attenuation, and the Resulting ACR............................................... 7-25

8-1. Removing the NiMH Battery Pack.............................................................................. 8-2

8-2. Attenuation (Insertion Loss) Measurement Accuracy for Channel............................. 8-15

8-3. Pair-to-Pair NEXT Measurement Accuracy for a Channel ......................................... 8-15

8-4. PSNEXT Measurement Accuracy for Channel........................................................... 8-16

8-5. Pair-to-Pair ELFEXT Measurement Accuracy for Channel........................................ 8-16

8-6. PSELFEXT Measurement Accuracy for Channel....................................................... 8-17

8-7. Return Loss Measurement Accuracy for Channel....................................................... 8-17

8-8. Operating Environment Specifications........................................................................ 8-22

1-1

Chapter 1

Introduction

Chapter 1 provides the following information:

• Contact information for Fluke Networks

• Features of the DSP-4000 Series test tools.

• A list of equipment included with the test tool.

• A guide to using this manual.

Contacting Fluke Networks

Visit the Fluke Networks web site at www.flukenetworks.com.

Send email to support@flukenetworks.com

To order accessories or get the location of the nearest Fluke Networks distributor

or service center, call:

• USA: 1-888-99-FLUKE (1-888-993-5853)

• Canada: 1-800-363-5853

• Europe: +44-1923-281-300

• Beijing: 86 (10) 6512-3435

• Japan: +81-3-3434-0181

• Singapore: +65-6738-5655

• Anywhere in the world: +1-425-446-4519

For operating assistance in the USA, call 1-800-283-5853.

DSP-4000 Series

Users Manual

1-2

Registration

Registering your product with Fluke Networks gives you access to valuable

information on product updates, troubleshooting tips, and other support services.

To register, fill out and return the postage-paid card provided, or fill out the online

registration form on the Fluke Networks website.

Overview of Features

Note

New features may be available with software upgrades. Visit the

Fluke Networks website at www.flukenetworks.com or contact your

Fluke Networks representative for information on upgrades.

The Fluke Networks DSP-4000 Series CableAnalyzers™ (hereafter referred to as

“the test tool”) are hand-held instruments used to certify, test, and troubleshoot

coaxial and twisted pair cabling in local area network (LAN) installations. The test

tool combines test pulses with digital signal processing to provide fast, accurate

results and advanced testing capabilities up to 350 MHz.

The test tool includes the following features:

• Certifies LAN basic link, permanent link, and channel configurations to IEEE,

ANSI, TIA, and ISO/IEC standards.

• Optional Fiber Test Adapters lets you certify LAN basic fiber links to

TIA/EIA and ISO/IEC standards.

• Presents test options and results in a simple menu system.

• Presents displays and printed reports in English, German, French, Spanish,

Portuguese, Italian, or Japanese.

• Runs all critical tests automatically. Diagnostic routine helps you identify and

locate faults.

• Produces 2-way Autotest results.

• “Talk” feature allows 2-way voice communication between the main and

remote units over twisted pair cable or over fiber using a Fiber Test Adapter.

• Model DSP-4000 stores at least 500 text-based test reports in nonvolatile

memory. Model DSP-4100 stores at least 250 grapical test reports on a

removable memory card. Model DSP-4300 stores at least 250 graphical test

reports on a removable memory card or in internal memory.

Introduction

Overview of Features 1

1-3

• Sends stored test reports to a host computer or directly to a serial printer.

• Includes a stored library of common test standards and cable types for copper

and fiber installations. Flash EPROM accepts test standard and software

upgrades.

• Allows for configuration of custom test standards.

• High-Definition Time Domain Crosstalk (HDTDX) analyzer locates the

position of crosstalk problems in a link.

• High-Definition Time Domain Reflectrometry (HDTDR) analyzer locates

the position of return loss problems in a link.

• Produces plots of NEXT, ELFEXT, PSNEXT, PSELFEXT, attenuation, ACR,

PSACR, and RL. Shows NEXT, ELFEXT, PSNEXT, PSELFEXT,

attenuation, ACR, and PSACR results up to 350 MHz. Gives remote results

for NEXT, PSNEXT, ACR, and RL.

• DSP-LIA013 adapters let you monitor network traffic on 10/100BASE-TX

Ethernet systems, monitors impulse noise on twisted pair cable, helps you

identify hub port connections, and determines which standards are supported

by a hub port connection. (Standard with DSP-4300; optional with other

models.)

• Tone generator lets you use an inductive pickup device, such as the Fluke

Networks 140 A-Bug Tone Probe, to identify cables in a LAN installation.

• Optional link interface adapters let you test additional types of LAN cabling.

DSP-4000 Series

Users Manual

1-4

Standard Accessories

A DSP-4000 Series test tool comes with the following accessories, which are

shown in Figure 1-1. If the test tool is damaged or something is missing, contact

the place of purchase immediately.

• 1 DSP-4000SR, DSP-4100SR, or DSP-4300SR remote unit (not shown)

• The following link interface adapters:

◊ With the DSP-4000 and DSP-4100: 2 DSP-LIA011 Basic Link Adapters

for Cat 5E and 2 DSP-LIA012 Channel Adapters for Cat 6

◊ With the DSP-4000PL: 2 DSP-LIA101 Permanent Link Adapters for Cat 6

and 2 DSP-LIA012 Channel Adapters for Cat 6

◊ With the DSP-4300: 2 DSP-LIA101 Permanent Link Adapters for Cat 6,

1 DSP-LIA012 Channel Adapter for Cat 6, and 1 DSP-LIA013

Channel/Traffic Adapter for Cat 6

• 2 AC adapter/chargers 120 V (US only) or universal adapter/chargers and line

cords (outside North America)

• 1 Memory card reader (DSP-4100, DSP-4300)

• 1 16 MB memory card (DSP-4100, DSP-4300)

• 1 Memory card carrying case (DSP-4100, DSP-4300; not shown)

• 2 NiMH battery packs (installed)

• 2 Headsets

• 1 DSP-4000 Calibration Module

• 1 RJ45 to BNC adapter

• 1 PC serial interface (EIA-232C) cable

• 2 Carrying straps

• 1 LinkWare CD

• 1 DSP-4000 Series Manual CD (includes complete users manual)

• 1 DSP-4000 Series Getting Started Guide

• 1 Warranty registration card (not shown)

• 1 Soft carrying case (not shown)

If you purchased optional Fiber Test Adapters, refer to the Fiber Test Adapter

users manual for a list of fiber accessories.

Introduction

Standard Accessories 1

1-5

Nickel-Metal Hydride

(2) Battery Pack

RS-232 Cable

DSP-LIA011

(2 with DSP-4000

and DSP-4100)

DSP-LIA012

(2 with DSP-4000,

DSP-4000PL

and DSP-4100;

1 with DSP-4300)

Straps (2)

Headsets (2)

DSP-4100/DSP-4300

USB Memory

Card Reader

Memory Card

AC Adapter/Charger

LinkWare

Software CD

RJ45 to BNC

Adapter

DSP-4000 Calibration

Module

DSP-4000 Series

Manual CD

DSP-LIA013

(1 with DSP-4300)

DSP-LIA101

(2 with DSP-4000PL

and DSP-4300)

DSP-4000 Series

Getting Started Guide

oy01f.eps

Figure 1-1. Standard Accessories

DSP-4000 Series

Users Manual

1-6

Using This Manual

Warning

Before using the test tool, carefully read "Safety and

Operational Information" at the beginning of Chapter 2.

Except where noted, the information in this manual applies to all DSP-4000 Series

test tools.

If you are familiar with the general features, functions, and operation of LAN

cable testers and want to start testing cables immediately, proceed as follows:

1. Read “Quick Start” in Chapter 2 to prepare the test tool for operation, access

the test tool’s functions, and run an Autotest.

2. Refer to the test and setup features listed under “Rotary Switch” in Chapter 2

to locate functions in the test tool’s menu structure.

3. Refer to the Glossary in the Appendix to find definitions for unfamiliar terms.

If you have never used a LAN cable tester, but want to start testing cables

immediately and learn as you work, proceed as follows:

1. Read “Quick Start” in Chapter 2 to prepare the test tool for operation, access

the test tool’s functions, and run an Autotest.

2. Refer to the Glossary in the Appendix to find definitions for unfamiliar terms.

3. Refer to the test and setup features listed under “Rotary Switch” in Chapter 2

to locate functions in the test tool’s menu structure.

4. Refer to Chapter 3, “Autotest,” to find more detailed information about cable

tests and test results.

5. Read Chapter 4, “Running Individual Tests,” to learn how to run individual

tests and monitor network traffic and impulse noise.

6. Read Chapter 7, “Basic Cable Testing,” to add to your cable testing and

troubleshooting knowledge.

Introduction

Using This Manual 1

1-7

If you have never used a LAN cable tester and want to learn about cable testing

and troubleshooting before you use the test tool, proceed as follows:

1. Read Chapter 7, “Basic Cable Testing,” to learn the basics of LAN cable

characteristics, testing, and interpreting test results.

2. Read Chapter 2, “Getting Started”, to learn about the test tool’s features and

how to prepare the test tool for use.

3. Read Chapter 3, “Autotest,” to learn how to run the most commonly used

cable test and interpret the test results.

4. Read Chapter 4, “Running Individual Tests,” to learn how to run individual

tests and monitor impulse noise.

5. Refer to the test and setup features listed under “Rotary Switch” in Chapter 2

to locate functions in the test tool’s menu structure.

6. Refer to the Glossary in the Appendix to find definitions for unfamiliar terms.

For information on testing fiber cabling, refer to the users manual for your Fiber

Test Adapter.

DSP-4000 Series

Users Manual

1-8

2-1

Chapter 2

Getting Started

Chapter 2 provides the following information:

• Safety and cautions to observe when using the test tool.

• Instructions for getting started quickly with the test tool.

• Detailed information on the test tool’s features.

• Detailed instructions on configuring the test tool.

Read First: Safety and Operational Information

The international electrical symbols used on the instrument or in this manual are

described in Table 2-1. Certification symbols are described in "Specifications" in

Chapter 8.

Table 2-1. International Electrical Symbols

Warning: Risk of electric shock.

Warning or Caution: Risk of damage or destruction to equipment or software. See

explanations in the manual.

Equipment is protected by double insulation or reinforced insulation to protect the user

against electric shock.

Do not connect this terminal to public communications networks, such as telephone

systems.

DSP-4000 Series

Users Manual

2-2

Warning

To avoid possible fire, electric shock, personal injury, or

damage to the test tool

• If this product is used in a manner not specified by the

manufacturer, the protection provided by the product

may be impaired.

• Use only the ac adapter/charger provided with the test

tool (PN 106200 or 944223) to charge the battery or

power the test tool.

• Never connect the test tool to any telephony inputs,

systems, or equipment, including ISDN. Doing so is a

misapplication of this product, which can result in

damage to the test tool and create a potential shock

hazard to the user.

• Never connect the CABLE TEST input to any LAN

inputs, systems, or equipment. Doing so is a

misapplication of this product, which can result in

damage to the test tool and create a potential shock

hazard to the user.

• Always turn on the test tool before connecting it to a

cable. Turning the test tool on activates the tool’s

input protection circuitry.

• When servicing the test tool, use only specified

replacement parts.

• Do not use the test tool if it operates abnormally.

Protection may be impaired.

• Do not use the test tool if it is damaged. Inspect the

test tool before use.

Getting Started

Read First: Safety and Operational Information 2

2-3

Caution

To avoid disrupting network operation and to ensure

maximum accuracy of test results

• Except when monitoring network activity, never

connect the test tool to an active network. Doing so

may disrupt network operation.

• Never attempt to insert any connector other than an

RJ45 connector into the RJ45 jack. Inserting other

connectors, such as RJ11 (telephone) connectors, can

permanently damage the jack.

• Never attempt to send data from a PC to the test tool

while running a cable test. Doing so might cause

erroneous test results.

• Never operate portable transmitting devices during a

cable test. Doing so might cause erroneous test

results.

• When using the channel/traffic link interface adapter

(DSP-LIA013), never run tests with cables connected

to both the cable jack and the monitor jack. Doing so

might cause erroneous test results.

• To ensure maximum accuracy of test results, perform

the self-calibration procedure as described in

“Calibrating the Test Tool” in Chapter 6 every 30 days.

• To avoid false test results, recharge the battery as

soon as the low battery message appears.

• If your test tool includes the DSP-LIA101 Permanent

Link Adapters, see “Permanent Link Interface

Adapters” later in this chapter for important handling

information.

DSP-4000 Series

Users Manual

2-4

Quick Start

This section is for users who want to start using the test tool immediately with

minimal instruction. For suggestions on additional reading that may be helpful to

you, see “Using this Manual” in Chapter 1. To get started with the optional Fiber

Test Adapters, refer to the Fiber Test Adapter users manual.

Note

New features may be available with software upgrades. Visit the

Fluke Networks website at www.flukenetworks.com or contact your

Fluke Networks representative for information on upgrades.

Powering the Test Tool

Before powering the test tool or remote with the NiMH battery pack, charge the

battery for about 3 hours. To charge the battery, connect the ac adapter/charger to

the test tool or remote and to ac line power. You can operate the unit on ac power

while the battery charges. A fully-charged battery typically lasts at least 8 hours.

See “Battery Status” later in this chapter for information on battery status

messages.

Note

The ac adapter/charger will not power the test tool when the battery

pack is removed.

Using the Menus

The test tool’s setup configuration, test selections, and test results are presented in

a menu system. Table 2-2 shows the keys used to select items and move between

screens in the menu system.

Table 2-2. Key Functions for the Menu System

Key Function

U D L R Allow up, down, left, and right movement on the display.

ESelects the highlighted item.

TStarts the highlighted test.

eExits the current screen.

#$ Softkeys select the function displayed on the screen area above the key.

Softkey functions depend on the screen displayed.

Getting Started

Quick Start 2

2-5

Using the Link Interface Adapters

The link interface adapters provide the correct connectors and interface circuitry

for testing different types of LAN cable. The adapters also allow for upgrades

when new types of cable are developed. See “Link Interface Adapter Features” in

this chapter for more details.

If your test tool includes the DSP-LIA101 Permanent Link Adapters, see

“Permanent Link Interface Adapters” in this chapter for important handling

information.

Optional link interface adapters that provide additional functions are available

from your Fluke Networks dealer. Visit the Fluke Networks website at

www.flukenetworks.com for the most recent information on optional adapters.

Figure 2-1 shows how to attach a link interface adapter. Self-calibration is not

required when you change adapters. The test tool displays a message if you try to

run a test that is not supported by the attached link interface adapter. Refer to

Appendix A for a list of tests supported by the standard link interface adapters.

The LIA Status selection on the SPECIAL FUNCTIONS menu reports the type of

link interface adapter attached to the main and remote units. The status display

also shows how many Autotests have been run with each adapter.

DSP-4000 Series

Users Manual

2-6

oy72f.eps

Figure 2-1. Attaching a Link Interface Adapter

Formatting the Memory Card (DSP-4100/4300)

Autotest results you save on a DSP-4100 or DSP-4300 test tool are stored on a

removable memory card. One 16 MB card is included with the test tool.

Compatible cards of different capacities can also be used in the test tool. Figure

2-2 shows how to insert and remove the card. You do not need to turn the test tool

off before inserting or removing the card.

Before you store test results, the card must be formatted as follows:

1. Insert the card into the test tool as shown in Figure 2-2.

2. Turn the rotary switch to SPECIAL FUNCTIONS. Use D to select

Memory Card Configuration; then press E.

3. Press $ Format; then press # Yes to begin formatting.

For instructions on using the memory card reader and transferring Autotest results

to a PC, see the online help or “Getting Started” under Help on the LinkWare

menu.

Getting Started

Quick Start 2

2-7

Push button to eject card

Removing the card

Inserting the card

oy79f.eps

Figure 2-2. Inserting and Removing the Memory card

To see the status of the memory card, press the Memory softkey that appears on

several of the Autotest displays or select Memory Card Configuration

in the SPECIAL FUNCTIONS mode.

Caution

The test tool may not be able to read or store test results

on a memory card that contains other types of data (such

as music files).

DSP-4000 Series

Users Manual

2-8

Quick Configuration

The settings listed in Table 2-3 affect either the display format or the accuracy of

your test results. Following the table are instructions for changing the settings. For

a complete list of the test tool’s adjustable settings, refer to the later section

“Setup.”

Table 2-3. Quick Configuration Settings

SETUP Setting Description

Test Standard

and Cable Type Select the test standard and cable type you are using. Fiber optic cable

testing requires a Fluke Networks DSP-FTA Fiber Test Adapter or a

Fluke Networks DSP-FOM (Fiber Optic Meter; comes with the DSP-FTK).

Report

Identification Enter your company’s name, operators’ names, and site names. These

names appear in the Autotest reports you save.

Auto Increment

(cable ID setup) Enabling this setting causes the last character of the cable ID to

increment each time you save an Autotest. The Sequence selection lets

you define a range of cable IDs by entering a start and end ID. On a

DSP-4300, the Cable ID List selection lets you select a list of IDs that was

created and saved on a memory card with LinkWare software.

Store Plot Data

(DSP-4100/4300) Enable this setting to store plot data (from tests such as attenuation,

return loss, and NEXT) with Autotest results saved on a DSP-4100 or

DSP-4300 test tool.

Length Units Select meters or feet as the unit for length measurements.

Numeric Format Select a format (0.00 or 0,00) for display of decimal fractions.

Display and

Report Language Select English, German, French, Spanish, Italian, Portuguese, or

Japanese.

Power Line Noise

Filter Frequency Select the frequency of the ac power in your area. The test tool filters out

50 Hz or 60 Hz noise from measurements.

Getting Started

Quick Start 2

2-9

To change any of the settings shown in Table 2-3, proceed as follows:

1. Turn the rotary switch to SETUP.

2. If the setting you want to change is not on the first Setup screen, press

$ Page Down to see additional Setup screens.

3. Use D U to highlight the setting you want to change.

4. Press ! Choice.

5. Use D U to highlight the setting you want.

6. Press E to store the highlighted setting.

7. Repeat steps 2 through 6 to change additional settings.

Results within Accuracy Range

An asterisk following a test result value indicates that the value is within the test

tool’s range of accuracy, as shown in Figure 2-3. All tests except the wire map test

may produce results with an asterisk if required by the selected test standard. If

you want the asterisk to appear on the overall pass/fail test result as well as the

individual test result, enable “Top Level Pass* Indication” in SETUP.

If a “pass” result is marked with an asterisk, look for ways to improve the cabling

installation to eliminate the marginal performance. A “fail” result marked with an

asterisk should be considered a failure.

The asterisk appears on displayed, uploaded, and printed test results.

Limit

Pass

Fail

Accuracy

Range of

Test Tool

* Pass Region

* Fail Region

oy02f.eps

Figure 2-3. The Asterisk and Test Tool Accuracy

DSP-4000 Series

Users Manual

2-10

Autotest on Twisted Pair Cabling

Autotest performs all of the tests necessary to determine if the cabling you are

testing meets the test standards specified for your LAN installation.

The following tests apply to twisted pair cabling:

• Headroom report (The worst-case margin for a parameter determined by the

selected standard. This may be NEXT, ACR, PSNEXT, or another

measurement.)

• Wire Map

• Resistance

• Length

• Propagation Delay

• Delay Skew

• Impedance

• NEXT and ELFEXT (Near-End and Equal Level Far-End Crosstalk)

• Attenuation

• ACR (Attenuation to Crosstalk Ratio)

• RL (Return Loss)

• PSNEXT (Power Sum NEXT)

• PSELFEXT (Power Sum Equal Level Far-End Crosstalk)

• PSACR (Power Sum ACR)

When you start an Autotest, the test tool displays a message if the attached link

interface adapter does not support the selected test standard.

To Autotest twisted pair cabling, refer to Figures 2-4 through 2-6 and proceed as

follows:

Note

If the calibration message appears after you start the Autotest, refer

to “Calibrating the Test Tool” in Chapter 6 for complete calibration

instructions.

Getting Started

Quick Start 2

2-11

1. Attach the appropriate link interface adapters to the main and remote units.

Refer to the table in the Appendix.

2. Turn the remote’s rotary switch to ON.

3. Connect the remote to the far end of the cable link. For channel testing,

connect using the network equipment patch cord.

4. Turn the rotary switch on the main unit to AUTOTEST.

5. Verify that the settings displayed are correct. You can change these settings in

the SETUP mode.

6. Connect the test tool to the near end of the cable link. For channel testing,

connect using the network equipment patch cord.

7. Press T to start the Autotest.

Saving Test Reports

When an Autotest is complete, you can save the results by pressing S. Use

the alphanumeric display to enter a cable identification for the report; then press

S again. See Chapter 3 for details.

To create lists of cable IDs, see “Setting Up Cable IDs” in this chapter. You can

view and delete saved Autotest reports in the SPECIAL FUNCTIONS mode.

See the online help or “Getting Started” under Help on the LinkWare menu for

details on uploading reports to a PC.

DSP-4000 Series

Users Manual

2-12

Wall

outlet

Transition

outlet

Test equipment

cord

Test equipment

cord

Horizontal

cross-connect

Horizontal

cabling

Telecommunications

closet Work Area

Test Tool

Smart

Remote

TALK

Hub

Basic Link LIA

oy68f.eps

Figure 2-4. Typical Test Connections for a Basic Link

Getting Started

Quick Start 2

2-13

Wall

outlet

Transition

outlet

Patch cord

from hub

Patch cord

from PC

Horizontal

cross-connect

Horizontal

cabling

Telecommunications

closet Work Area

Test Tool

Smart

Remote

TALK

Hub

Channel LIA

oy03f.eps

Figure 2-5. Typical Test Connections for a Channel

DSP-4000 Series

Users Manual

2-14

Consolidation

point (optional)

Telecommunications

outlet

Horizontal

cabling

Telecommunications

closet Work Area

Test tool Remote

TALK

Patch panel

Work Area

Permanent

link adapter

Permanent

link adapter

oy84f.eps

Figure 2-6. Typical Test Connections for a Permanent Link

Getting Started

Quick Start 2

2-15

Using the Talk Mode

The Talk mode allows two-way voice communication over twisted pair or fiber

cable (Fiber Test Adapters are required for fiber cable). Two-way communication

over twisted pair cable requires two good wire pairs.

Note

The Talk mode is disabled during cable tests. The DSP-LIA013

supports the Talk Mode only through the CABLE TEST jack.

Use the Talk mode as follows:

1. Connect the main and remote units to the cable under test.

2. Plug the headsets into the headset jacks on the main and remote units.

3. Press V on either the main or remote unit; then speak into the headset’s

microphone. To adjust the volume at the main unit, use U or D. To adjust

the volume at the remote, use V to cycle through the volume settings.

4. To exit the Talk mode, press e or turn the rotary switch to a new position.

The Talk mode turns off automatically when you start a cable test.

DSP-4000 Series

Users Manual

2-16

Autotest on Coaxial Cabling

The following tests are run during an Autotest on coaxial cabling:

• Impedance

• Resistance

• Length

• Anomaly detection (Results shown only if anomalies are detected.)

To run an Autotest on coaxial cabling, refer to Figure 2-7 and proceed as follows:

1. Turn off any PC nodes connected to the cabling you are testing.

2. If you want the Autotest to report cable length, remove the terminator from the

far end of the cabling.

3. Attach any channel link interface adapter to the main unit.

4. Turn the rotary switch to AUTOTEST.

5. Verify that the test standard and cable type displayed are correct. You can

change these settings in the SETUP mode.

6. Remove the terminator from the near end of the coaxial cabling. Use the RJ45

to BNC adapter to connect the cable to the test tool.

7. Press T to start the Autotest.

Getting Started

Quick Start 2

2-17

BNC “T”

Connector

12345678

For Length Test,

remove far-end

Terminator

Test Tool

OFF

MONITOR

SETUP

SPECIAL

FUNCTIONS

SINGLE

TEST

AUTO

TEST

DSP-4000

CABLE ANALYZER

TALK

EXIT

ENTER

TEST SAVE

1234

FAULT

INFO

Channel LIA

oy04f.epc

Figure 2-7. Autotest Connections for Coaxial Cabling

DSP-4000 Series

Users Manual

2-18

Main Unit Features

Figure 2-8 shows the features on the main unit and Table 2-4 explains their

functions.

OFF

MONITOR SETUP

SPECIAL

FUNCTIONS

SINGLE

TEST

AUTO

TEST

TALK

EXIT

ENTER

TEST SAVE

1234

FAULT

INFO

DSP-4100/4300 Side Plate

DSP-4000 Side Plate

613

oy05f.eps

Figure 2-8. Main Unit Features

Getting Started

Main Unit Features 2

2-19

Table 2-4. Main Unit Features

Item Feature Description

A Rotary Switch Selects the test tool’s modes.

B TStarts the highlighted test or restarts the test last run.

C FAutomatically provides more specific information on the cause

of an Autotest failure.

D eExits the current screen without saving any changes you made.

E !@

#$ Provide functions related to the concurrent display. Softkey

functions are shown in the display area above the keys.

F Display A LCD display with backlight and adjustable contrast.

G L R U D Allow left, right, up, and down movement on the display.

Increase or decrease the numerical values of user-definable

parameters.

H CControls the display backlight. Pressing for 1 second allows

adjustment of the display contrast. Reactivates the test tool

when the tool is in power down mode.

I VLets you use the headset for two-way voice communication

over twisted pair or fiber cable.

J SSaves Autotest results and parameter changes in memory.

K ESelects the highlighted item from a menu.

L LIA connector and

latch Connector and latch for the link interface adapters (LIAs).

M RS-232C serial

port A 9-pin connector for interfacing with a printer or host computer

via a standard IBM-AT EIA RS-232C serial cable.

N 2.5 mm phone jack Connection for the headset supplied with the test tool.

DSP-4000 Series

Users Manual

2-20

Table 2-4. Main Unit Features (cont.)

Item Feature Description

LED off,

unit turned off Battery is not charging.

The charger is not plugged in.

LED off,

unit turned on Battery is not charging.

The charger is not plugged in

or the test tool is running a

test. When the test is

finished, charging resumes

unless the battery is already

charged (>80%).

LED flashing red Fast charge pending.

Charging is beginning. This

state may last for several

minutes until fast charging

begins.

LED steady red Fast charge.

The unit stays in fast charge

mode for up to 4 hours, or

until either the battery is fully

charged or a test is initiated.

O AC power indicator

LED steady

green Charge complete.

Fast charge is complete. The

unit enters trickle charge

mode.

P AC adapter/ charger jack Connection for the ac adapter/charger supplied with

the test tool.

Q Eject button (DSP-4100/4300) Button for ejecting the memory card.

R Memory card slot

(DSP-4100/4300) Slot for the memory card used for saving Autotest

results on a DSP-4100 or DSP-4300 test tool.

Getting Started

Remote Features 2

2-21

Remote Features

Figure 2-9 shows the features on the remote unit, and Table 2-5 explains their

functions.

OFF

PASS

TESTING

TALKING

FAIL

LOW BATTERY

TALK

oy06f.eps

Figure 2-9. Remote Features

DSP-4000 Series

Users Manual

2-22

Table 2-5. Remote Connectors and Features

Item Feature Description

1RS-232C serial port A DB9P connector for loading software updates.

22.5 mm phone jack Connection for the headset supplied with the test tool.

3AC adapter/

charger jack Connection for the ac adapter/charger supplied with the test

tool.

LED off,

unit turned off Battery is not charging.

The charger is not plugged in.

LED off,

unit turned on Battery is not charging.

The charger is not plugged in or the test

tool is running a test. When the test is

finished, charging resumes unless the

battery is already charged (>80%).

LED flashing

red Fast charge pending.

Charging is beginning. This state may last

for several minutes until fast charging

begins.

LED steady red Fast charge.

The unit stays in fast charge mode for up to

4 hours, or until either the battery is fully

charged or a test is initiated.

4AC power indicator

LED steady

green Charge complete.

Fast charge is complete. The unit enters

trickle charge mode.

5LIA connector and

latch Connector and latch for attaching link interface adapters.

6Pass LED A green LED that turns on at the end of a test if no faults were

detected.

7Test LED A yellow LED that turns on when a test is in progress.

8Fail LED A red LED that turns on at the end of a test if one or more faults

were detected.

9Talking LED A LED that turns on when the Talk mode is active.

0Low-battery LED A LED that turns on when the remote battery voltage is low.

TALK

Lets you use the headset for two-way voice communication

over twisted pair or fiber cable. When the Talk mode is active,

this button controls the headset volume.

gRotary switch On/off switch for remote.

The LEDs, items 6-10, also briefly indicates the battery charge level when you turn on the remote.

Getting Started

Link Interface Adapter Features 2

2-23

Link Interface Adapter Features

DSP-LIA011 DSP-LIA012

DSP-LIA013

DSP-LIA101

oy71f.ep

1DSP-LIA011

cable and plug Shielded Cat 5E twisted pair cable with a shielded Cat 5E RJ45

plug for testing basic link installations.

2DSP-LIA012 jack Shielded RJ45 jack for testing channel installations.

3Latch and 60-pin

connector Latch and connector for attaching the LIA to a DSP-4000 Series

test tool.

4DSP-LIA101

cable with

personality

module

(DSP-4000PL/

DSP-4300)

One meter of proprietary, high-performance cable terminated with a

removable personality module. The personality module ensures

electrical compatibility with a particular manufacturer’s jack. See the

next section for additional information.

The standard module is designed for use with various jacks. Refer to

the PMxx module list included for applications of available modules.

5DSP-LIA013

CABLE jack Shielded RJ45 jack for testing channel installations.

6DSP-LIA013

MONITOR jack Shielded RJ45 jack for traffic tests, the hub port capabilities test, and

the hub port locator.

Figure 2-10. Link Interface Adapter Features

DSP-4000 Series

Users Manual

2-24

Permanent Link Interface Adapters (DSP-4000PL/4300)

Caution

To avoid damaging the adapter and to ensure maximum

accuracy of test results, never pinch, kink, or crush the

adapter’s cable. Never use the cable as a handle to pick

up the DSP test tool. Follow the handling guidelines given

in Figure 2-11.

For the best accuracy, keep the adapter’s cable as straight

as possible during testing.

To avoid latent or immediate damage due to electrostatic

discharge:

• Before handling a module or an adapter with no

module attached, ground yourself when possible by

touching a grounded, conductive surface.

• Always remove the adapter from the DSP test tool

before changing the personality module.

• Always keep a personality module attached to the

adapter cable.

• Always store the personality module in its original,

static protection bag when not in use.

4" (10 cm)

minimum bend

Storage

360˚ twist maximum

oy85f.eps

Figure 2-11. Permanent Link Adapter Handling Guidelines

Getting Started

Link Interface Adapter Features 2

2-25

Changing the Personality Module (DSP-4000PL/4300)

You can change the personality module to make the adapter compatible with a

certain manufacturer’s jack. Visit the Fluke Networks website for the most recent

list of available personality modules.

Replace the module as follows (refer to Figure 2-12):

1. Ground yourself by touching a grounded, conductive surface.

2. Remove the link interface adapter from the DSP test tool.

3. Use your fingers to unscrew the screw on the personality module. If necessary,

you can use a flat-blade screwdriver to loosen the screw.

4. Remove the module; then store it in its original, static protection bag.

5. Put the new module in place and tighten the screw with your fingers.

Caution

Tighten the screw snugly with your fingers only. Do not

overtighten. Doing so can damage the module or the end

of the cable.

Static sensitive

device

Personality

module

oy86f.eps

Figure 2-12. Changing the Personality Module

DSP-4000 Series

Users Manual

2-26

Strap and Bail

The test tool and the remote have a strap and a bail. Figure 2-13 shows how to

attach the strap and open the bail.

oy07f.eps

Figure 2-13. Attaching the Strap and Opening the Bail

Rotary Switch

The following paragraphs summarize the modes you can select with the rotary switch on

the main unit.

Off Turns the test tool off. Setup information and test results saved via the S key

are stored in nonvolatile memory.

Getting Started

Rotary Switch 2

2-27

Autotest

Autotest is the most frequently used function in LAN cable testing. Autotest

performs all of the tests necessary to qualify the cabling you are testing. When the

Autotest is complete, the tests that were run are listed with the overall result for

each test. You can also view detailed results for each test. Results from Autotests

can be saved for printing or transmission to a host computer.

The following tests apply to twisted pair cabling:

Note

The tests run during an Autotest on twisted pair cabling depend on

the test standard selected. Tests not applicable to the selected test

standard are not run or displayed. For a list of the tests and limits

associated with common standards, see the document provided on

the Fluke Networks website at www.flukenetworks.com.

• Headroom: Reports the worst-case margin for a parameter determined by

selected test standard. This may be NEXT, ACR, PSNEXT, or another

measurement.

• Wire Map: Tests for opens, shorts, crossed pairs, reversed wires, and split

pairs.

• NEXT and ELFEXT: Tests twisted pair cabling for near-end crosstalk

(NEXT) and equal level far-end crosstalk (ELFEXT).

• Length: Displays the length of twisted pairs in feet or meters.

• Propagation Delay: Measures the times taken for a signal to travel the length

of each cable pair.

• Delay Skew: Calculates the differences in propagation delays between the

cable pairs.

• Impedance: Measures the impedance of each cable pair. If impedance

anomalies are detected, the test reports the largest anomaly detected on each

cable pair.

DSP-4000 Series

Users Manual

2-28

• Attenuation: Measures the attenuation of each cable pair.

• DC Resistance: Measures the loop resistance of each cable pair.

• ACR: Calculates the ratio of attenuation to crosstalk for all combinations of

cable pairs.

• RL (Return Loss): Measures signal loss due to signal reflections in the

cabling.

• PSNEXT (Power Sum NEXT): For each cable pair, PSNEXT is calculated as

the sum of the NEXT from all other pairs.

• PSELFEXT (Power Sum ELFEXT): For each cable pair, PSELFEXT is

calculated using the sum of the FEXT from the other pairs.

• PSACR (Power Sum ACR): For each cable pair, PSACR is calculated using

the sum of the NEXT from the other pairs.

The following tests apply to coaxial cabling:

• Impedance: Measures the impedance of the cable.

• Resistance: Measures the loop resistance of the cabling, shield, and

terminator.

• Length: Measures the length of unterminated cables.

• Anomaly Detection: During a coaxial cable test, the test tool also detects and

reports the position of the largest impedance anomaly (if any are present) on

the cable.

Single Test

The SINGLE TEST mode provides access to the individual tests defined by the

selected test standard, except for the ACR test. This mode also lets you run the

HDTDR and HDTDX analyzer tests. A scanning function, which continuously

repeats the test, is available for the wire map, resistance, HDTDR, and HDTDX

analyzer tests. Single tests are useful for isolating cabling faults and quickly

checking repairs.

Getting Started

Rotary Switch 2

2-29

Monitor

The MONITOR mode lets you continuously monitor impulse noise on twisted pair

network cabling. With the DSP-LIA013 link interface adapter, you can monitor

network activity on Ethernet systems. Network activity is monitored for collisions,

jabber, and percentage of system utilization. The traffic adapter also includes a hub

port locator, which helps you determine port connections at a hub, and a hub port

capabilities feature that determines the standards supported by a port.

Setup Allows you to do the following:

• Select a test standard and cable type.

• Edit the report identification that appears on saved Autotests.

• Set up the tester to automatically generate cable IDs.

• On DSP-4100 and DSP-4300 test tools, you can set the test tool to save

attenuation, return loss, NEXT, and FEXT plots as part of Autotest reports

when those tests are required by the selected test standard.

• Set the backlight timer to turn off the backlight after a specified period of

inactivity.

• Set the power-down timer to switch the test tool to a low-power mode after a

specified period of inactivity.

• Select interface parameters for the serial port.

• Set the date and time.

• Select a format for the date and time.

• Select a unit for length measurements.

• Select a format for displaying decimal fractions.

• Select a language for the display and printed reports.

DSP-4000 Series

Users Manual

2-30

• Select a frequency for the power line noise filter.

• Set the fault threshold for the impulse noise test.

• Enable or disable the test tool’s beeper.

• Modify test standards for custom test configurations.

• Select a remote end configuration when a Fiber Test Adapter is attached.

Print Allows you to send saved reports or report summaries to a serial printer. You can

print the results from previously stored Autotests. Also lets you edit the report

identification information and select a format for Autotest reports sent directly to a

printer.

Special Functions

Allows you to do the following:

• View or delete test reports saved in memory.

• Change the cable identification assigned to a saved Autotest report.

• Generate a tone to use with an inductive pickup device, such as the Fluke

Networks 140 A-Bug Tone Probe, to identify cabling runs.

• Determine the cable NVP to ensure maximum accuracy of length results.

• View the status of the NiMH battery in the main unit or remote.

• Check the status of the LIA attached to the main or remote unit.

• Perform a self-calibration on the test tool and remote.

• Run a self-test to verify proper operation of the test tool, link interface adapter,

and remote.

• On DSP-4100 and DSP-4300 test tools, you can view the status of the memory

card and format the card.

• View version information for the main and remote units.

Getting Started

Turning On the Test Tool 2

2-31

Turning On the Test Tool

To turn on the test tool, turn the rotary switch from OFF to any one of the

available modes. The power-up screen, which appears for about 3 seconds, shows

the software, hardware, and test standards versions for the main and remote units.

(The remote information is shown only if the remote is on and connected to the

main unit.) For a longer look at the power-up screen, hold down any key while

turning the test tool on. Or, select Version Information in the SPECIAL

FUNCTIONS mode.

During this time, the test tool also performs a self-test. If a fault is detected during

the self-test, the following message appears: INTERNAL FAULT

DETECTED. REFER TO MANUAL. For information, see “If the Test Tool

Fails” in Chapter 8.

Selecting a Language for Displays and Reports

The test tool displays results and prints reports in English, German, French,

Spanish, Italian, Japanese, and Portuguese.

The test tool displays a language selection screen if a language has not been

selected since the tool left the factory. Afterwards, you can change the language as

follows:

1. Turn the rotary switch to SETUP.

2. Press $ Page Down to find the language selection.

3. Use D to highlight the currently selected language.

4. Press ! Choice.

5. Use D U to highlight the language you want.

6. Press E to accept the highlighted language. The test tool’s display now

appears in the selected language.

DSP-4000 Series

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2-32

Performing a Self-Test

The self-test verifies that the test tool, link interface adapters, and remote are

operating properly. To run the self-test, proceed as follows:

1. Turn the rotary switch to SPECIAL FUNCTIONS. Turn the remote on.

2. Use D to highlight Self Test.

3. Press E.

4. Use the DSP-4000 Calibration Module to connect the test tool to the remote.

5. Press T to start the self-test.

6. When the self-test is complete, you can either return to the main Special

Functions menu by pressing e or start a new operation by turning the rotary

switch to a new position.

If the self-test fails, refer to “If the Test Tool Fails” in Chapter 8.

Overvoltage Test

The test tool periodically checks for dc voltages on twisted pair cabling under test.

A dc voltage means that the test tool is connected to an active telephone cable or

other power source. If voltage is detected, the following message appears:

WARNING! EXCESSIVE VOLTAGE DETECTED AT INPUT.

UNPLUG CABLE NOW!. The remote unit beeps and all LEDs flash

continuously. Voltage on the cabling can damage the test tool or cause errors in

measurements. Voltage must be removed before you can run any tests.

Always turn on the test tool before connecting it to a cable. Turning the test tool on

activates the tool’s input protection circuitry.

DSP-4000 Series

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2-34

When the backlight time-out is enabled, the backlight timer starts counting down

after all tests are complete or after the last key entry or movement of the rotary

switch. To restart the backlight timer while the backlight is on, press any key

(except the backlight key) or turn the rotary switch to a new mode.

Adjusting the Display Contrast

To adjust the display contrast, hold down C for 1 second or longer. The

following message appears: USE D U KEYS TO ADJUST CONTRAST.

Adjust the contrast to the desired level then press E to accept the new level.

The display contrast setting is saved in memory when you turn off the test tool.

Selecting a Power Line Filter Frequency

The test tool has a noise filter to keep ac noise (50 Hz or 60 Hz) from affecting

resistance measurements.

To set the frequency of the noise filter to the frequency of your ac power, proceed

as follows:

1. Turn the rotary switch to SETUP.

2. Press $ Page Down until you see the power line frequency setting.

3. Use D to highlight the power line frequency.

4. Press ! Choice.

5. Use D U to highlight the frequency you want.

6. Press E to accept the highlighted frequency.

Getting Started

Configuring the Test Tool 2

2-35

Selecting a Test Standard and Cable Type

The test standard and cable type you select determine which standards are used

and which tests are run during cable testing. The test tool is equipped with

information for all the common test standards and cable types.

Several of the test standards for twisted pair cable are defined for both a channel

and a permanent link configuration. The test limits for a channel are looser than

those for a permanent link because the channel limits allow for the effects of two

connections at a horizontal cross-connect and a transition connector near the

telecommunications outlet in the work area. Figures 2-5 and 2-6 earlier in this

chapter show the connections involved in a permanent link and a channel. Chapter

7 further explains these connections.

Note

The test tool displays a message if you try to run a test not supported by the

attached link interface adapter.

To select a test standard and cable type, proceed as follows:

1. Turn the rotary switch to SETUP.

2. Press ! Choice. The standards list starts with the last five standards

used. Press $ Page Down to see more standards.

3. Use D U to highlight the test standard you want.

4. Press E to accept the highlighted test standard. The test tool displays a

menu of the cable types valid for the selected test standard.

5. Use D U to select the cable type you want; then press E.

6. If you selected a shielded cable type, the next display lets you enable or

disable the shield test. Use D U to select the setting you want; then press

You can test cables for NEXT, ELFEXT, PSNEXT, ELFEXT, attenuation, and

ACR, and PSACR up to 350 MHz. Test limits apply only up to the frequency

specified by the selected test standard.

DSP-4000 Series

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Editing the Report Identification

The report identification includes a custom header (your company name, for

example), an operator name, and a site name. These items appear on saved

Autotest reports. You can view and edit this information as follows:

1. Turn the rotary switch to SETUP.

2. Use D to highlight Edit under Report Identification; then

press E. The REPORT IDENTIFICATION display shows the information

that will appear on the Autotest reports you save.

3. Use D U to highlight the information you want to edit; then press E.

If you are editing an operator or site name, you can press @ New to add a

new name. The New softkey appears only if less than 20 names have been

entered. If 20 names have been entered, you must delete a name before adding

a new name.

To rename or delete an existing operator or site name, press ! Edit,

select the desired name; then press ! Rename or @ Delete.

Changes to names preceded by a "$" appear on printed test reports. You

cannot delete a name that is used on a saved report.

4. To add characters to the name, use the L R and D U keys to highlight

characters in the list, then press E.

To delete the character left of the cursor, press $Delete.

To edit characters in the middle of a name, use !Å to move the cursor into

the name.

To move the cursor back to the right-most character, press !Å until the

cursor wraps back to the right.

To increment or decrement an alphanumeric character anywhere in the cable

identification, use !Å to highlight the desired character; then

press @INC or #DEC.

5. To store the name, press S.

Note

You can use LinkWare software to download report identification

information from a PC to the test tool.

Getting Started

Configuring the Test Tool 2

2-37

Setting Up Cable IDs

The cable identification (cable ID) is the name you assign to the Autotest results

you save. You can create a cable ID each time you save an Autotest, or you can

use IDs generated as follows:

• The auto increment function generates IDs by incrementing the last

alphanumeric character in the cable ID.

• The auto sequence function generates IDs by incrementing characters through

a range of values defined by a start and end ID.

• On a DSP-4300 test tool, you can select IDs from lists downloaded to a

memory card. You can create and download the lists with LinkWare software.

See the online help or “Getting Started” under Help on the LinkWare menu for

details.

Enabling the Auto Increment Function

The test tool’s auto increment function increments only the last alphanumeric

(letter or number) character of the cable identification name each time you save

Autotest results.

To enable or disable the auto increment function, proceed as follows:

1. Turn the rotary switch to SETUP.

2. Use $ Page Down and D U (if necessary) to highlight the auto

increment setting; then press !Choice.

3. Use D U to highlight Enable; then press E.

The last character of the cable ID you enter when you save the next Autotest will

be incremented when you save subsequent Autotests.

DSP-4000 Series

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Determining a Range of Cable IDs for the Auto Sequence Function

Use the following guidelines when determining a range of cable IDs to use with

the auto sequence function.

• Cable IDs can contain a maximum of 18 letters, numbers, and special

characters (such as -, #, and spaces). Accented characters are not available.

• The types of characters used in each position must match between the range’s

start and end ID. For example, using the letter “O” as the third character in the

start ID and the number “0” as the third character in the end ID generates an

error message.

• The auto sequence function increments letters and numbers starting with the

farthest right character, then moving left. Special characters and matching

characters are not incremented. As an example, the following range of cable

IDs could be assigned for testing the cabling in 2 rooms where each room has

3 cable drops:

Start ID: ROOM A DROP#1

End ID: ROOM B DROP#3

The test tool would name the Autotest results in the following sequence:

ROOM A DROP#1

ROOM A DROP#2

ROOM A DROP#3

ROOM B DROP#1

ROOM B DROP#2

ROOM B DROP#3

If you try to save Autotest results after the last ID was used, the list shown after

you press S shows that all IDs are used by saved reports (used IDs are

preceded by a “$”). Use the Edit or New softkeys to create a new ID. See

Chapter 3 for more information.

Getting Started

Configuring the Test Tool 2

2-39

Enabling and Configuring the Auto Sequence Function

1. Determine the range of cable names you want to use for your Autotests. (Refer

to the previous section.)

2. Turn the rotary switch to SETUP.

3. Use D to highlight the auto increment setting; then press ! Choice.

4. Use D U to highlight Sequence; then press ! Edit ID Seq.

5. Use ! to select the Start ID or End ID field for editing.

6. To add characters to the ID, use the L R U D keys to highlight a character in

the list, then press E.

Use @ Å and # ¶ to move the cursor through the ID.

Use $ Delete to delete characters to the left of the cursor.

7. Press S when you are finished; then press E.

When necessary, you can edit the cable ID when you save an Autotest. See

Chapter 3 for information on saving Autotest results with the auto sequence

function enabled.

Selecting a List of Downloaded IDs (DSP-4300)

On a DSP-4300 test tool you can select cable IDs from lists created with LinkWare

software and saved on a memory card. See the online help or “Getting Started”

under Help on the LinkWare menu for details.

To select a downloaded list as the source for cable IDs, proceed as follows:

1. Put a memory card that holds one or more cable IDs lists into the test tool.

2. Turn the rotary switch to SETUP.

3. Use D U to highlight the auto increment setting; then press !Choice.

4. Use D U to highlight Cable ID List. To view the lists available on

the memory card, press ! Select ID List.

5. Use D U to highlight the list you want to use; then press E. The selected

list appears when you save an Autotest.

DSP-4000 Series

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2-40

Viewing the Cable ID Configuration and Memory Status

To see the cable ID configuration (if one is enabled), the number of Autotests

saved in memory, and the available memory, press the Memory softkey that

appears on several of the Autotest displays.

On a DSP-4100 or DSP-4300 you can see the memory card status by selecting

Memory Card Configuration in the SPECIAL FUNCTIONS mode.

Model DSP-4300 shows the status of the internal memory if no memory card is

present.

Storing Plot Data with Saved Autotest Results (DSP-4100/4300)

When STORE PLOT DATA is enabled, saved Autotest results include plot data

from tests such as the attenuation and NEXT tests. HDTDX and HDTDR plots are

also saved with the Autotest results. Saving the plot data lets you include plots on

test reports uploaded to a PC and printed with LinkWare Software. The

DSP-4100 and DSP-4300 can save the results of at least 250 Autotests on a 16 MB

memory card when plot data is included. More results can be saved if plot data is

not included.

The DSP-4300 can save at least 250 Autotest results with plot data in internal

memory when a memory card is absent.

Enable or disable this setting as follows:

1. Turn the rotary switch to SETUP.

2. Use $ Page Down and D to find and highlight the store plot data

setting.

3. Press ! Choice.

4. Use D U to highlight the desired setting; then press E.

Selecting a Length Unit

The test tool displays length measurements in meters or feet.

To change the unit of measurement, proceed as follows:

1. Turn the rotary switch to SETUP.

2. Press $ Page Down until you see the length units setting.

3. Press ! Choice.

4. Use D U to highlight the desired unit.

5. Press E to accept the highlighted unit.

Getting Started

Configuring the Test Tool 2

2-41

Selecting a Numeric Format

The test tool displays decimal fractions with a decimal point separator (0.00) or a

comma separator (0,00).

To change the numeric format, proceed as follows:

1. Turn the rotary switch to SETUP.

2. Press $ Page Down until you see the numeric format setting.

3. Use D to highlight the numeric format.

4. Press ! Choice.

5. Use D U to highlight the desired format.

6. Press E to accept the highlighted format.

Setting the Date and Time

The test tool has a clock that records the date and time for saved test results.

To change the date or time or the format for the date or time, proceed as follows:

1. Turn the rotary switch to SETUP.

2. Press $ Page Down until you see the date and time settings.

3. Use D to highlight the date or time parameter you want to change.

4. Press ! Choice. The display you see next depends on which parameter

you are changing.

If you are changing the date or time, use $ INC or # DEC to

increment or decrement the highlighted number. Use L R to move the

highlighted area from one number to another number.

If you are changing the date or time format, use D U to highlight the format

you want.

5. Press E to accept the highlighted date, time, or format.

DSP-4000 Series

Users Manual

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Setting the Power-Down Timer

To extend battery life, you can set the power-down timer to automatically switch

the test tool to a low-power mode after a selected period of inactivity. You can

also disable the power-down timer.

When the test tool switches to low-power mode, the display goes blank. To

reactivate the display, press C. The test tool turns itself off if not used for 30

minutes after power-down. When this happens, pressing C turns on the test tool

as though it were turned on with the rotary switch.

To set the power-down timer or enable/disable the timer, proceed as follows:

1. Turn the rotary switch to SETUP.

2. Press $ Page Down.

3. Use D to highlight the power-down timer status.

4. Press ! Choice.

5. Use D U to highlight the desired time-out period or the enable/disable status.

6. Press E to accept your selection.

Enabling or Disabling the Audible Tones

To enable or disable the test tool’s audible tones, proceed as follows:

1. Turn the rotary switch to SETUP.

2. Press $ Page Down until you see the audible tone setting.

3. Use D to highlight the audible tone status.

4. Press ! Choice.

5. Use D U to highlight the desired enable or disable status.

6. Press E to accept your selection.

Getting Started

Remote Lights, Messages, and Audible Tones 2

2-43

Remote Lights, Messages, and Audible Tones

The remote indicates various states by flashing light-emitting diodes (LEDs) and

emitting audible tones, as described in Table 2-6.

Table 2-6. Status Indications from the Remote

Status Remote Indications

Power on self-test passed. The unit beeps and all LEDs flash in sequence.

Power on self-test failed. The unit beeps and the fail LED flashes

continuously.

Main unit is running a test. Testing LED is on. Pass and fail LEDs flash as

tests pass or fail.

Previous test passed. Pass LED turns on for 15 seconds.

Previous test failed. Fail LED turns on for 15 seconds.

Talk mode is active. Talk LED turns on.

Battery voltage is low. The unit beeps and the low-battery LED flashes

continuously.

Battery voltage is too low to operate. The unit beeps and the low-battery LED is on

continuously.

Overvoltage condition detected on cable

under test. The unit beeps and all LEDs flash continuously.

Caution

To avoid damage to the remote,

disconnect the cable immediately if

an overvoltage condition occurs.

Remote Communication Error

If the main unit detects a communication problem with the remote, the following

message appears on the main unit: REMOTE communication error.

This message means that the REMOTE data cannot be transmitted to the main

unit, usually because the cabling is defective. To verify proper remote operation,

run a self-test as described in the earlier section “Performing a Self-Test.”

DSP-4000 Series

Users Manual

2-44

Battery Status

The test tool displays a message when its battery voltage or the remote battery

voltage is low. Table 2-7 shows the battery status messages and what you should

do if a battery message appears.

When you turn on the remote, the LEDs briefly indicate the battery charge level.

All five LEDs light up if the battery is fully charged; fewer indicate partial charge.

DSP-4300 test tools show the battery status on the Autotest display. If the main

unit is connected to a remote, the test tool also shows the approximate number of

Autotests you can run with the currently-selected test standard. This number is

based on the battery with the lower charge level.

Note

To ensure continued operation while charging the battery, always

connect the ac adapter/charger when the message WARNING

RECHARGEABLE BATTERY VOLTAGE IS LOW appears.

Table 2-7. Battery Status Messages

Message Displayed What You Should Do

WARNING RECHARGEABLE BATTERY

VOLTAGE IS LOW. Connect the ac adapter/charger.

RECHARGEABLE BATTERY VOLTAGE

IS TOO LOW TO OPERATE. Turn the test tool off and connect the ac

adapter/charger. If the tool does not operate

when you turn it on, turn it off again and allow

the battery to charge for about 30 minutes.

WARNING REMOTE BATTERY VOLTAGE

IS LOW. Connect the ac adapter/charger to the remote.

WARNING REMOTE BATTERY

VOLTAGE IS TOO LOW TO OPERATE. Connect the ac adapter/charger to the remote.

You might need to charge the battery for a short

time before the remote will operate.

INTERNAL DATA STORAGE BATTERY

VOLTAGE IS LOW. Have the lithium battery replaced at a Fluke

Networks Service Center.

Getting Started

Battery Status Display 2

2-45

Battery Status Display

To see the charge level of the main unit’s NiMH battery, turn the rotary switch to

SPECIAL FUNCTIONS; then select Battery Status. To see the charge

level of the remote’s battery, connect the remote to the main unit; then use ! to

toggle the display.

Conditioning the Battery

The battery status is more accurate when the battery is properly conditioned. The

test tool includes a battery conditioning feature. To condition the batteries, proceed

as follows:

1. Connect the main and remote units together with a calibration module, or with

LIA adapters and an RJ45 patch cord or a cable.

2. Connect ac adapters to both units.

3. Turn on the remote.

4. Press and hold D while turning on the main unit. Release the key when the

display goes blank.

The conditioning function discharges then charges the battery. This may take

several hours, depending on the battery status when conditioning starts. You can

interrupt the conditioning if necessary. The ac power LEDs on the test tool and

remote turn green when conditioning is complete.

DSP-4000 Series

Users Manual

2-46

3-1

Chapter 3

Autotest

Chapter 3 provides the following information:

• Instructions and test result descriptions for an Autotest on twisted pair cabling.

• Instructions and test result descriptions for an Autotest on coaxial cabling.

• Instructions for saving Autotest results.

Autotest Softkeys

Note

New features may be available with software upgrades. Visit the

Fluke Networks website at www.flukenetworks.com or contact your

Fluke Networks representative for information on upgrades.

The following softkey functions are active on various Autotest screens.

! or @ View Result: ! shows the results of the last Autotest run.

@ shows detailed test results regarding the highlighted cable pair or pairs.

# View Plot: Press to see a frequency response plot of the test results. Plot

data is available for the NEXT, ELFEXT, attenuation, ACR, RL, PSNEXT,

PSELFEXT, and PSACR tests.

@ Next Pair, @ Next Pairs: Press to see the detailed results or

the plot for the next cable pair or pairs tested.

$ or @ Memory: Press to see the number of Autotests stored and the

number of remaining memory location. If a cable ID list function, such as auto

sequence, is enabled, the display also shows the cable ID range, the total number

of IDs, and the number of IDs available.

DSP-4000 Series

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3-2

Autotest on Twisted Pair Cabling

The procedures for an Autotest on shielded and unshielded twisted pair cabling are

the same. The test tool tests shield continuity if shielded cable was selected and the

shield test enabled when the cable type was selected in SETUP.

To run the Autotest on twisted pair cabling, refer to Figures 3-1 through 3-3 and

proceed as follows:

1. Attach the appropriate link interface adapters to the main and remote units.

Refer to the table in the appendix.

2. Turn on the remote.

3. Connect the remote to the far end of the cable link. For channel testing,

connect using the network equipment patch cord.

4. Turn the rotary switch on the main unit to AUTOTEST.

5. Verify that the settings displayed are correct. You can change these settings in

the SETUP mode.

6. Connect the main unit to the near end of the cable link. For channel testing,

connect using the network equipment patch cord.

7. Press T to start the Autotest.

Notes

Pressing T when the previous Autotest was not saved causes

the test tool to display a warning message. In this case, you can

either save the results of the previous test by pressing S or

delete the results and start a new Autotest by pressing T.

If a remote is not connected, the test tool displays the message

SCANNING FOR SMART REMOTE and does not run the

Autotest until a remote is connected.

If the calibration message appears, refer to “Calibrating the Test

Tool” in Chapter 6 for complete calibration instructions.

Autotest

Autotest on Twisted Pair Cabling 3

3-3

Wall

outlet

Transition

outlet

Test equipment

cord

Test equipment

cord

Horizontal

cross-connect

Horizontal

cabling

Telecommunications

closet Work Area

Test Tool

Smart

Remote

TALK

Hub

Basic Link LIA

oy68f.eps

Figure 3-1. Typical Test Connections for a Basic Link

DSP-4000 Series

Users Manual

3-4

Wall

outlet

Transition

outlet

Patch cord

from hub

Patch cord

from PC

Horizontal

cross-connect

Horizontal

cabling

Telecommunications

closet Work Area

Test Tool

Smart

Remote

TALK

Hub

Channel LIA

oy03f.eps

Figure 3-2. Typical Test Connections for a Channel

Autotest

Autotest on Twisted Pair Cabling 3

3-5

Consolidation

point (optional)

Telecommunications

outlet

Horizontal

cabling

Telecommunications

closet Work Area

Test tool Remote

TALK

Patch panel

Work Area

Permanent

link adapter

Permanent

link adapter

oy84f.eps

Figure 3-3. Typical Test Connections for a Permanent Link

Autotest

Automatic Diagnostics 3

3-7

Automatic Diagnostics

If an Autotest fails, you can press F to see more specific information on the

cause of the failure. Figure 3-4 shows examples of automatic diagnostics displays

for a NEXT failure and an open pin failure.

The arrow in the diagram at the top of the display shows the location of the failure.

The bottom half of the display describes the failure and suggests ways to fix the

fault. When appropriate, softkeys let you see the plot or plots relevant to the

failure. If more than one fault was found, you can use the $ Next Fault

and # Prev Fault softkeys to scroll through the diagnostics displays.

See Chapter 4 for information on the HDTDR and HDTDX plots.

oy09c.bmp

Figure 3-4. Examples of Automatic Diagnostics Displays

DSP-4000 Series

Users Manual

3-8

Autotest Results for Twisted Pair Cabling

To see detailed results from a test, press ! View Result, use D U to

highlight the test on the main Autotest menu; then press E.

Note

The tests run during an Autotest on twisted pair cabling depend on

the test standard selected. Tests not applicable to the selected test

standard are not run or displayed. For a list of the tests and limits

associated with common test standards, visit the Fluke Networks

website at www.flukenetworks.com.

Wire Map Test

The wire map test tests and displays the wire connections between the near and far

ends of the cabling on all four pairs. Shield continuity is also tested if a shielded

cable was selected and the shield test enabled when the test standard was selected.

The pairs tested are those defined by the selected test standard. Table 3-1 shows

examples of wire map displays.

If the wire map test passes, the Autotest continues. You can view the wire map test

results when the Autotest is complete. If the wire map test fails, the Autotest halts

and the wire map screen appears with the word FAIL. You can then save the wire

map results by pressing S. To continue the Autotest, press $ Continue

Test.

Table 3-1. Wire Map Displays

Wire Map

Condition Display Description

Correct wiring Cable wiring is correct. Shield (S) shown

only if required by selected test

standard.

Autotest

Autotest Results for Twisted Pair Cabling 3

3-9

Table 3-1. Wire Map Displays (continued)

Wire Map

Condition

Display

(only affected pairs shown) Description

Crossed wires A wire in the 1,2 pair is crossed with

a wire in the 3,6 pair. Wiring does not

form a recognizable circuit.

Reversed pairs Wires 1 and 2 are crossed.

Crossed pairs Pairs 1,2 and 3,6 are crossed.

Short Wires 1 and 3 are shorted. You can

use the HDTDR test to locate the

short.

Open Wire 1 is open near the main unit.

You can use the HDTDR test to

locate the open.

Split pair A wire in the 4,5 pair is twisted with a

wire in the 3,6 pair. You can use the

HDTDX analyzer to locate the split

pair.

DSP-4000 Series

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3-10

Resistance

The resistance test measures the dc loop resistance for each cable pair. The

resistance results screen displays the resistance, limit, and pass/fail result for each

cable pair. A PASS result means that the measured resistance is less than the

limit. A FAIL result means that the measured resistance exceeds the limit.

LengthThe length test measures the length of each cable pair tested. The main Autotest

results screen shows the length of the cable pair having the shortest electrical

delay. The length results screen displays the length, limit, and pass/fail result for

each cable pair. Length is displayed in meters or feet. You can change the length

units in the SETUP mode, as described in “Selecting a Length Unit” in Chapter 2.

Notes

A 2 to 5 percent difference in measured length between twisted pairs

is typical. This difference is due to differences in the number of twists

in the cable pairs.

Differences between measured and actual values of cable length can

be caused by variations in the cable’s NVP value. NVP values can

vary among cable types, lots, and manufacturers. To ensure

maximum accuracy of length measurements, perform an NVP

calibration as described in Chapter 6.

A PASS result means that the measured length is within the specified limit for the

selected test standard. A FAIL result means that the measured length exceeds the

limit.

Autotest

Autotest Results for Twisted Pair Cabling 3

3-11

Propagation Delay and Delay Skew

Propagation delays are the times taken in nanoseconds for a test pulse to travel the

length of each cable pair.

Delay skews are the differences in propagation delays between the shortest delay,

which is displayed as 0 ns, and the delays of the other cable pairs.

The propagation delay and delay skew results show a limit if the test is required by

the selected test standard. If the test is not required, the results always show

PASS.

Characteristic Impedance

The characteristic impedance test determines the approximate characteristic

impedance of each cable pair.

Note

Impedance measurements require a cable at least 5 m (16 ft) long.

Cables shorter than this length will always pass the impedance test.

A PASS result means that the measured impedance is within the specified limit

for the selected test standard. A FAIL result means that the measured impedance

exceeds the specified limit, or an impedance anomaly is detected.

A Warning result means that the measured impedance exceeds test limits, or an

anomaly is detected, but the characteristic impedance test is not required by the

selected test standard. The warning result causes a warning to appear as the test

summary result in printed reports.

The test tool reports an anomaly if 15 % or more of the test signal is reflected.

Press F to see where the anomaly was detected. The HDTDR test results show

both the location and size of the anomaly.

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3-12

Attenuation (Insertion Loss)

The attenuation test measures the loss of signal strength over the length of the

cabling.

The first attenuation results screen shows the cable pairs tested, the worst-case

attenuation margin found, and a PASS or FAIL result for each pair.

To see detailed results for the cable pairs, use D U to highlight a cable pair, then

press @ View Result. Table 3-2 describes the items on the attenuation

results screen.

Table 3-2. Items on the Attenuation Results Screen

Item Description

Pair The cable pair relevant to the results.

Result The overall result for the test. A PASS result means that measured

attenuation is lower than the specified limit for the selected test standard. A

FAIL result means that the measured attenuation is higher than the

specified limit.

Attenuation If the test passed, this value is the highest measured attenuation. If the test

failed, this value is the highest measured attenuation that exceeds the test

limits.

Frequency If the test passed, this frequency is where the highest measured attenuation

occurred. If the test failed, this is where the highest failing value of

attenuation occurred.

Limit The highest attenuation value acceptable at the frequency shown. This

value is based on the maximum allowable cabling length.

Margin The difference between the worst-case attenuation and the limit. A positive

number means that the measured attenuation value is lower than the limit.

A negative number means that the attenuation is higher than the limit.

Autotest

Autotest Results for Twisted Pair Cabling 3

3-13

Pressing # View Plot produces the attenuation plot screen. Figure 3-5

describes an example of the screen.

oy10c.eps

1The cable pair relevant to the plot.

2Frequency range in MHz. Use U D to switch between frequency scales. To switch to the

next lowest or highest range, use L R to move the cursor beyond the left or right side of

the plot.

3The attenuation level, frequency, and margin at the cursor’s position. Margin is the

difference between the limit and the measured value. If you move the cursor beyond the

highest test frequency specified by the selected test standard, the readout shows the

attenuation value at the cursor’s position.

4The measured attenuation for the cable pair.

5The attenuation limits, as defined by the selected test standard. A crosshair is shown if the

limit is defined for only one frequency.

6Decibels of attenuation.

Figure 3-5. The Attenuation Plot Screen

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3-14

NEXT Test

The NEXT test measures the crosstalk between cable pairs at the near end of the

cabling. This crosstalk value is expressed as the difference in amplitude (in dB)

between the test signal and the crosstalk signal. NEXT is measured from both ends

of the cabling over a frequency range defined by the selected test standard.

The first NEXT screen displays the cable pairs tested, the worst-case NEXT

margin, and the test result for each set of pairs.

To see detailed results for the cable pairs, use D U to highlight the pairs; then

press @ View Result. Table 3-3 describes the items on the NEXT results

screen.

For ISO/IEC 11801-2002 and EN50173:2002 standards, NEXT is not evaluated

where attenuation at the same frequency is less than 4 dB.

Table 3-3. Items on the NEXT Results Screen

Item Description

Pairs The cable pairs relevant to the results.

Result The overall result for the NEXT test. A PASS result indicates that the NEXT

between the cable pairs was higher than the specified NEXT for the selected

test standard. A FAIL result indicates that the NEXT was lower than

specifications.

NEXT The worst margin and worst NEXT. The worst margin is the NEXT value that is

closest to falling below specifications, or the value that exceeds specifications

by the greatest amount. The worst NEXT is the lowest NEXT value measured.

Frequency The frequencies where the worst margin and worst NEXT values occurred.

Limit The lowest NEXT values acceptable for the frequencies above.

Margin The differences between the NEXT values and the limits. A positive number

means that the measured NEXT value is higher than the limit (PASS). A

negative number means that the NEXT is lower than the limit (FAIL).

Autotest

Autotest Results for Twisted Pair Cabling 3

3-15

Pressing # View Plot produces the NEXT plot screen. Figure 3-6

describes an example of the screen.

oy11c.eps

1The cable pairs relevant to the plot.

2Frequency range in MHz. Use U D to switch between scales. To switch to the next lowest

or highest range, use L R to move the cursor beyond the left or right side of the plot.

3The NEXT level, frequency, and margin at the cursor’s position. The cursor aligns to the

frequency that produced the worst margin. Margin is the difference between the limit and

measured values plotted at the cursor’s position. If you move the cursor beyond the highest

test frequency specified by the selected test standard, the readout shows the NEXT value

at the cursor’s position.

4The limits for NEXT, as defined by the selected test standard. A crosshair is shown if the

limit is defined for only one frequency. The limit line is dashed at frequencies where the

attenuation is less than 4 dB.

5Decibels of crosstalk attenuation (NEXT) between the cable pairs.

6The measured NEXT for the cable pairs.

Figure 3-6. The NEXT Plot Screen

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3-16

NEXT@REMOTE

The NEXT@REMOTE test and its results are identical to the NEXT test described

above, except that the NEXT@REMOTE measurements are taken from the remote

end of the cabling.

ELFEXT Test

The ELFEXT (equal level far-end crosstalk) test calculates the ratio of FEXT to

attenuation for each cable pair. To determine ELFEXT, the main unit first

measures FEXT by generating a signal at the far end of the cabling and measuring

the resulting crosstalk at the near end of the cabling. ELFEXT is calculated as the

difference (in dB) between the measured FEXT and attenuation values. If the

ELFEXT test fails, you can use the F key to locate sources of crosstalk on the

cabling.

Because ELFEXT values from either end of a cable are virtually identical, a

ELFEXT@REMOTE test is not required. (See Chapter 7 for more information.)

The first ELFEXT screen displays the cable pairs tested, the worst-case ELFEXT

margin, and the test result for each set of pairs.

To see detailed results for the cable pairs, use D U to highlight the pairs; then

press @ View Result. Table 3-4 describes the items on the ELFEXT

results screen.

Autotest

Autotest Results for Twisted Pair Cabling 3

3-17

Table 3-4. Items on the ELFEXT Results Screen

Item Description

Pairs The pairs used in calculating the ELFEXT result. The pair not listed as the

Atten. Pair produced the FEXT used in the ELFEXT calculation

Atten.

Pair

The pair that produced the attenuation value used in the ELFEXT calculation.

Result The overall result for the ELFEXT test. A PASS result means that the

calculated ELFEXT is higher than the value specified for the selected test

standard. A FAIL result means that the calculated ELFEXT is lower than the

specified value.

ELFEXT

(dB)

The worst margin and worst ELFEXT. The worst margin is the ELFEXT value

that is closest to falling below specifications, or the value that exceeds

specifications by the greatest amount. The worst ELFEXT is the lowest

ELFEXT value measured.

Frequency The frequencies where the worst margin and worst ELFEXT values occurred.

Limit The lowest ELFEXT values acceptable for the frequencies above.

Margin The difference between the ELFEXT values and the limits. A positive number

means that the ELFEXT is higher than the limit. A negative number means that

the ELFEXT is lower than the limit.

Autotest

Autotest Results for Twisted Pair Cabling 3

3-19

ACR The ACR test calculates the ratio of attenuation to crosstalk (ACR) for each

combination of cable pairs. ACR is expressed as the difference (in dB) between

the measured NEXT and attenuation values. ACR is calculated using values

obtained from the NEXT and attenuation tests.

The first ACR results screen shows the NEXT pairs and attenuation pair used to

calculate the ACR result, the worst-case ACR margin, and a PASS or FAIL

result for each set of pairs.

To see detailed results for the cable pairs, use D U to highlight the pairs; then

press @ View Result. Table 3-5 describes the items on the ACR results

screen.

For ISO/IEC 11801-2002 and EN50173:2002 standards, ACR is not evaluated

where attenuation at the same frequency is less than 4 dB.

Table 3-5. Items on the ACR Results Screen

Item Description

Pairs The pairs used in calculating the ACR result. The pair not listed as the Atten.

Pair produced the NEXT used in the ACR calculation.

Atten.

Pair

The pair that produced the attenuation value used in calculating the ACR result.

Result The overall result for the ACR test. A PASS result means that the calculated

ACR is higher than the value specified for the selected test standard. A FAIL

result means that the calculated ACR is lower than the specified value.

ACR (dB) The worst margin and worst ACR. The worst margin is the ACR value that is

closest to falling below specifications, or the value that exceeds specifications

by the greatest amount. The worst ACR is the lowest ACR value measured.

Frequency The frequencies for the worst margin and worst ACR values.

Limit The lowest ACR values acceptable for the frequencies above.

Margin The differences between the ACR values and the limits. A positive number

means that the worst-case ACR is higher than the limit. A negative number

means that the worst-case ACR is lower than the limit.

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Pressing # View Plot produces the ACR plot screen. Figure 3-8 describes

an example of the screen.

oy12c.eps

1The cable pairs relevant to the plot.

2Frequency range in MHz of the ACR test. Use U D to change the frequency scale.

3The ACR level, frequency, and margin at the cursor’s position. The cursor aligns to the

frequency that produced the worst margin. Margin is the difference between the limit and

measured values plotted at the cursor’s position. Use L R to move the cursor left or right.

If you move the cursor beyond the highest test frequency specified by the selected test

standard, the readout shows the ACR value at the cursor’s position.

4The ACR limits, as defined by the selected test standard. The limit line is dashed at

frequencies where the attenuation is less than 4 dB.

5Decibels of ACR for the cable pair.

6The calculated ACR for the cable pairs.

Figure 3-8. The ACR Plot Screen

Autotest

Autotest Results for Twisted Pair Cabling 3

3-21

ACR@REMOTE

The ACR@REMOTE test is identical to the ACR test, except that the ACR values

are calculated using NEXT@REMOTE values.

Return Loss (RL)

The RL test measures the difference between a test signal’s amplitude and the

amplitude of signal reflections returned by the cabling. The results of the RL test

indicate how well the cable’s characteristic impedance matches its rated

impedance over a range of frequencies.

The first RL results screen shows the cable pairs tested, the worst-case RL margin,

and a PASS or FAIL result for each pair. To see detailed results for the cable

pairs, use D U to highlight a pair; then press @ View Result. Table 3-6

describes the items on the RL results screen.

For TIA and ISO test standards, RL is not evaluated where attenuation at the same

frequency is less than 3 dB.

Table 3-6. Items on the RL Results Screen

Item Description

Pair The cable pair relevant to the results.

Result The overall result for the RL test. A PASS result means that the measured RL

is lower than the specified limit for the selected test standard. A FAIL result

means that the measured RL is higher than specified limit.

RL The worst margin and worst RL. The worst margin is the RL value that is

closest to falling below specifications, or the value that exceeds specifications

by the greatest amount. The worst RL is the lowest RL value measured.

Frequency The frequencies where the worst margin and worst RL values occurred.

Limit The lowest acceptable RL values for the frequencies above.

Margin The differences between the RL values and the limits. A positive number

means that the worst-case RL is better than the limit. A negative number

means that the worst-case RL exceeds the limit.

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Pressing # View Plot produces the RL plot screen. Figure 3-9 describes an

example of the screen.

oy13c.eps

1The cable pair relevant to the plot.

2Frequency range in MHz of the RL test. Use U D to change the frequency scale.

3The RL level, frequency, and margin at the cursor’s position. The cursor aligns to the

frequency that produced the worst margin. Margin is the difference between the limit and

measured values plotted at the cursor’s position. Use L R to move the cursor left or right. If

you move the cursor beyond the highest test frequency specified by the selected test

standard, the readout shows the RL value at the cursor’s position.

4The limits for RL, as defined by the selected test standard. The limit line is dashed at

frequencies where the attenuation is less than 3 dB.

5Decibels of RL for the cable pair.

6The measured RL for the cable pair.

Figure 3-9. The RL Plot Screen

Autotest

Autotest on Coaxial Cabling 3

3-23

RL@REMOTE

The RL@REMOTE test is identical to the RL test, except that the RL values are

measured from the remote end of the cabling.

PSNEXT (Power Sum NEXT) and PSNEXT@REMOTE

The PSNEXT results show how much each cable pair is affected by the combined

NEXT from the other pairs. PSNEXT is expressed as the difference in amplitude

(in dB) between the crosstalk received on a cable pair and a test signal transmitted

on the other pairs.

PSNEXT is calculated from NEXT values. PSNEXT@REMOTE is calculated

from NEXT@REMOTE values. The descriptions of the results are the same as for

NEXT results, except that they show the sum effect of NEXT on a cable pair.

PSELFEXT (Power Sum ELFEXT)

The PSELFEXT results show how much each cable pair is affected by the

combined FEXT from the other pairs. To calculate PSELFEXT for a cable pair,

the test tool subtracts the pair’s attenuation from the combined FEXT of the other

pairs. The descriptions of the results are the same as for ELFEXT results, except

that they show the sum effect of FEXT on a cable pair.

PSACR (Power Sum ACR) and PSACR@REMOTE

PSACR results show the ratio of each wire pair’s attenuation to the combined

crosstalk received from the other pairs. The test tool calculates PSACR values by

subtracting a pair’s attenuation from its PSNEXT value. PSACR@REMOTE

values are calculated using PSNEXT@REMOTE values.

Autotest on Coaxial Cabling

To run an Autotest on coaxial cabling, refer to Figure 3-10 and proceed as follows:

DSP-4000 Series

Users Manual

3-24

BNC “T”

Connector

12345678

For Length Test,

remove far-end

Terminator

Test Tool

OFF

MONITOR

SETUP

SPECIAL

FUNCTIONS

SINGLE

TEST

AUTO

TEST

DSP-4000

CABLE ANALYZER

TALK

EXIT

ENTER

TEST SAVE

1234

FAULT

INFO

Channel LIA

oy04f.eps

Figure 3-10. Autotest Connections for Coaxial Cabling

Autotest

Autotest Results for Coaxial Cabling 3

3-25

1. Attach a channel link interface adapter to the main unit.

2. Turn off any PC nodes connected to the cabling you are testing.

3. If you want the Autotest to report cabling length, remove the terminator from

the far end of the cabling.

4. Turn the rotary switch to AUTOTEST.

5. Verify that the test standard and cable type displayed are correct. You can

change these settings in the SETUP mode.

6. Remove the terminator from the near end of the coaxial cabling. Use the RJ45

to coaxial adapter to connect the test tool to the cabling.

7. Press T to start the Autotest.

Autotest Results for Coaxial Cabling

An Autotest on coaxial cabling performs the following tests:

Characteristic Impedance

Note

Impedance measurements require cabling at least 5 m (16 ft) long.

Terminated cabling shorter than this length will always pass the

impedance test. Unterminated cabling shorter than this length will

always fail the impedance test.

The characteristic impedance test determines the approximate characteristic

impedance for the cable. A PASS result means that the impedance is within the

limit specified by the selected test standard. A FAIL result means that the

impedance exceeds the limit. You can use the HDTDR test to plot the locations

and sizes of all impedance anomalies on the cabling.

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3-26

Resistance

The resistance test measures the loop resistance of the cabling and the terminator.

If a terminator is not connected or if the cabling is open, the resistance value is

reported as OPEN. If the cabling or the terminator is shorted, the resistance value

is reported as near 0 Ω. Resistance values over 400 Ω are reported as OPEN.

Length

Note

Because a cable terminator eliminates signal reflections in coaxial

cabling, the test tool cannot measure the length of terminated coaxial

cabling.

The length test measures the length of the cabling when a terminator is not

connected. If a terminator is connected, the result of the length test is reported as

NO REFLECTION.

A PASS result means that the measured length is within the limit specified by the

selected test standard. A FAIL result means that the measured length exceeds the

limit.

Notes

Differences between measured and actual values of cabling length

can be caused by variations in the cable’s NVP value. NVP values

can vary among cable types, lots, and manufacturers. To ensure

maximum accuracy of length measurements, perform an NVP

calibration as described in Chapter 6.

Anomaly

This result is shown at the bottom of the screen only if an impedance anomaly is

detected. The test tool reports an anomaly if 10% or more of the test signal is

reflected. The result shows the distance to the largest anomaly detected.

Autotest

Saving Autotest Results 3

3-27

Saving Autotest Results

A DSP-4000 test tool can store the results of 500 or more Autotests, depending on

the test standard used. The test tool stores worst-case margins and worst-case

values for most frequency-dependant tests.

A DSP-4100 or DSP-4300 test tool with STORE PLOT DATA enabled can store

at least 250 Autotests in graphical format on a 16 MB memory card, depending on

the standard used. A DSP-4300 test tool stores results in internal memory if no

card is present. More Autotests can be saved if plot data is not included. If STORE

PLOT DATA is enabled, the saved Autotest results include plots from tests such

as the attenuation and NEXT tests. HDTDR and HDTDX plots are also saved.

Saving the plot data lets you include plots on reports uploaded to a PC and printed

with LinkWare software.

Caution

The test tool may not be able to read or store test results

on a memory card that contains other types of data (such

as music files).

If you used a permanent link test standard for the Autotest, the model number of

the personality module used on the permanent link adapter is saved with the

Autotest results and appears on printed test reports.

You can save the results from an Autotest anytime after the Autotest is complete,

but before another Autotest or a Single Test is started.

A cable identification (cable ID) is assigned to each Autotest you save. The screen

you use for entering a cable ID depends on which cable ID function is enabled.

Saving Results with Auto Sequence Disabled

1. If you want to check or edit the custom header, operator name, or site name to

be saved with your results, turn the rotary switch to SETUP; then select

REPORT IDENTIFICATION. See "Editing the Report Identification" in

Chapter 2 for details.

2. After an Autotest is complete, press S. The test save screen appears, as

shown in Figure 3-11.

3. Use the appropriate editing keys to enter a cable identification name for the

test results you are saving. Refer to Figure 3-11.

4. Press S to store the test results with the cable identification displayed. A

confirmation screen appears for about 2 seconds.

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A warning screen appears if you try to save a test report with the same name as a

previously saved report. On a DSP-4000 test tool, pressing S saves the new

report with the duplicate name, but with the current date and time. The DSP-4100

and DSP-4300 test tools do not let you save reports with duplicate IDs. On any

model, pressing $ Edit I.D. or e lets you change the report’s name.

347

oy15c.eps

A The characters you can use to make a name for the test results you are saving. To add

characters to the name, use the L R and D U keys to highlight characters in the list,

then press E.

B The date and time when the Autotest was completed.

C The default name assigned to the results from the most recently completed test.

D The remaining number of locations available for storing Autotest results.

E Softkey for moving the cursor to edit characters in the middle of the cable identification. To

move the cursor back to the right, press !Å until the cursor wraps around.

F Softkeys for incrementing or decrementing an alphanumeric character highlighted in the

cable identification.

G Softkey for deleting the character left of the highlighted character in the cable name.

Figure 3-11. Saving Autotest Results (Auto Increment and Auto Sequence Disabled)

Autotest

Saving Autotest Results 3

3-29

Saving Results with Auto Sequence Enabled

The following steps assume you have already enabled the auto sequence function

and entered a start ID and end ID, which define the range of cable IDs available.

See “Setting Up Cable IDs” in Chapter 2 for details.

1. If you want to check or edit the custom header, operator name, or site name to

be saved with your results, turn the rotary switch to SETUP; then select

REPORT IDENTIFICATION. See “Editing the Report Identification” in

Chapter 2 for details.

2. After an Autotest is complete, press S. A list of cable IDs is shown. The

list includes the cable IDs for all saved Autotest results. IDs used for

previously-saved results are marked with a “$”. Unused IDs are listed after

used IDs. The timestamp that will be saved with the Autotest is shown below

the highlighted ID.

3. Choose a cable ID as follows:

• To save the Autotest results with the next unused ID in the sequence, press

• To save the results with an unused ID out of sequence, use D to select an

unused ID; then press S.

• To edit a used or unused cable ID, use D U to highlight the ID; then

press ! Edit. Use the alphanumeric display to edit the ID (refer to the

softkey descriptions in Figure 3-11); then press S. The original ID

remains in the list.

• To create a new ID, press @ New. Use the alphanumeric display to edit

the ID (refer to the softkey descriptions in Figure 3-11); then press S.

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If you try to save an Autotest after the last ID in the range has been used, the list of

saved reports shows that no IDs are available (all are marked with a “$”). To save

additional results, set up a new range of IDs in SETUP, or use the ! Edit or

@ New softkey as described above to create a new ID for each additional

Autotest.

Saving Results with Downloaded Cable IDs (DSP-4300)

You can select a downloaded list as the source for cable IDs from the auto

increment menu in SETUP. See “Selecting a List of Downloaded IDs” in Chapter

2 for details.

Saving results with downloaded cable IDs is similar to saving with auto sequence

IDs. Follow steps 1 through 3 from the previous section “Saving Results with Auto

Sequence Enabled”.

Changing the Cable ID for a Saved Autotest Report

You can change the cable identification assigned to a saved Autotest report as

follows:

1. Turn the rotary switch to SPECIAL FUNCTIONS.

2. Select View/Delete Test Reports.

3. Use D U to highlight the desired report. Press @ View Result, then

press ! View Result.

4. Press @ Rename Report. Use the editing softkeys to edit the cable

identification (refer to the softkey descriptions in Figure 3-11).

5. Press S.

DSP-4000 Series

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3-32

The Autotest Report

With LinkWare software you can upload reports to a PC for viewing and printing.

Figures 3-12 and 3-13 show examples of reports generated with LinkWare

software.

You can send Autotest reports directly to a serial printer or edit the report’s

identification information in the PRINT mode. See Chapter 5, “Viewing and

Printing Saved Reports,” for complete instructions.

The overall result printed on a report can be a pass or fail, or warning. A failure of

any test required by the selected test standard produces a fail result on the report

summary. If required by the selected standard, a warning appears on reports for

twisted pair cabling if a length, impedance, propagation delay, or delay skew test

produced a warning. The warning means that the measurement exceeds its limit,

but the test standard does not fail the cabling based on that measurement.

Autotest

The Autotest Report 3

3-33

oy82f.bmp

Figure 3-12. Autotest Report in Tabular Format

DSP-4000 Series

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Test Summary: PASS

Cable ID: ROOM123, PORT B

Headroom: 7.3 dB (NEXT 12-36)

Site: ABC BANK

Date / Time: 08/09/2000 09:06:17am

Operator: JOHN DOE Test Standard: TIA Cat 6 Basic Link

Standards Version: 4.06 Software Version: 4.06 Cable Type: UTP 100 Ohm Cat 6

NVP: 69.0% Fault Anomaly Threshold: 15% FLUKE DSP-4100 S/N: 1234567 LIA081

Shield Test: N/A FLUKE DSP-4100SR S/N: 0000001 LIA081

Wire Map

PASS 1

Length (ft), Limit 308 [Pair 12] 111

Prop. Delay (ns), Limit 518 [Pair 12] 163

Delay Skew (ns), Limit 45 [Pair 12] 7

Resistance (ohms)

Impedance (ohms), Limit 80-120 [Pair 12] 114

Anomaly (ft)

Attenuation (dB) [Pair 36] 12.6

Frequency (MHz) 250.0

Limit (dB) 31.8 -50

-25

0 407

HDTDR%

(ft) 0

1 350

AttenuationdB

Frequency (MHz)

Worst Margin Worst Value

PASS MAIN MAINSR SR

Worst Pair 12-36 36-45 12-36 36-45

NEXT (dB) 63.4 43.2 43.8 43.2

Freq. (MHz) 13.0 242.0 222.5 242.0

Limit (dB) 56.1 35.5 36.1 35.5

Worst Pair 36 45 36 45

PSNEXT (dB) 40.7 41.7 40.7 41.7

Freq. (MHz) 223.0 242.0 223.0 242.0

Limit (dB) 33.6 33.0 33.6 33.0 0

100

1 350

NEXTdB

Frequency (MHz) 0

100

1 350

NEXT @ RemotedB

Frequency (MHz)

PASS MAIN MAINSR SR

Worst Pair 78-36 12-45 36-45 36-45

ELFEXT (dB) 28.0 30.6 27.6 27.2

Freq. (MHz) 184.0 144.5 227.5 227.5

Limit (dB) 19.9 22.0 18.0 18.0

Worst Pair 36 36 36 36

PSELFEXT (dB) 25.8 26.0 25.4 25.4

Freq. (MHz) 184.5 185.5 247.0 232.5

Limit (dB) 16.9 16.8 14.3 14.8 0

100

1 350

ELFEXTdB

Frequency (MHz) 0

100

1 350

ELFEXT @ RemotedB

Frequency (MHz)

PASS MAIN MAINSR SR

Worst Pair 12-36 12-45 12-36 36-45

ACR (dB) 60.7 67.0 31.5 31.2

Freq. (MHz) 12.9 8.9 240.0 242.0

Limit (dB) 49.5 53.2 4.5 4.3

Worst Pair 12 12 36 36

PSACR (dB) 59.3 61.4 28.8 29.3

Freq. (MHz) 12.9 12.3 223.0 242.0

Limit (dB) 47.2 47.7 3.7 1.7 0

100

1 350

ACRdB

Frequency (MHz) 0

100

1 350

ACR @ RemotedB

Frequency (MHz)

PASS MAIN MAINSR SR

Worst Pair 12 45 45 78

RL (dB) 21.0 20.8 18.5 17.3

Freq. (MHz) 13.2 16.6 249.0 250.0

Limit (dB) 19.0 19.0 11.3 11.3

1 350

RLdB

Frequency (MHz) 0

1 350

RL @ RemotedB

Frequency (MHz)

Compliant Network Standards:

10BASE-T 100BASE-TX 100BASE-T4

1000BASE-T ATM-25 ATM-51

ATM-155 100VG-AnyLan TR-4

TR-16 Active TR-16 Passive

oy81f.wmf

Figure 3-13. Autotest Report in Graphical Format

4-1

Chapter 4

Running Individual Tests

Chapter 4 provides the following information:

• Instructions for running Single Tests on twisted pair cabling.

• Descriptions of the test results produced by the HDTDX analyzer and

HDTDR test.

• Instructions for running Single Tests on coaxial cabling.

• Instructions for using the tests available in the MONITOR mode.

• Instructions for using the tone generator.

Single Tests for Twisted Pair Cabling

The SINGLE TEST mode on the rotary switch allows individual execution of

many of the tests available in the Autotest mode. SINGLE TEST mode features

two additional tests: the HDTDX (High-Definition Time Domain Crosstalk)

analyzer and the HDTDR (High-Definition Time Domain Reflectometry) test.

Single tests help you isolate cable failures and quickly determine if repairs are

good. To certify a cable installation, you should run an Autotest with the

appropriate test standard.

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4-2

Scanning Function

The Single Test versions of the wire map, resistance, HDTDR, and HDTDX

analyzer tests include a scanning function, which you can activate by pressing the

# Scanning ON softkey. The scanning function runs the test repeatedly and

updates the display each time a test is complete. This function is useful for finding

intermittent problems on a cable.

Note

To extend battery life, connect the ac adapter/charger when using

the scanning function for more than 1 minute.

When to Use a Remote Unit

A remote unit is required only when testing twisted pair cabling. Table 4-1 shows

which cable tests require a remote and which remotes support each test.

If a remote unit is detected at the start of a Single Test, the test tool runs a wire

map test before running the selected test. If the wire map test fails, the test tool

stops the test and displays the wire map. Press $ Continue Test to run

the selected test.

Note

The DSP-4100 and DSP-4300 test tools are compatible only with

DSP-4100SR and DSP-4300SR remote units, respectively. The DSP-

4100 and DSP-4300 remotes are not compatible with DSP-100,

DSP-2000, or DSP-4000 test tools.

Running Individual Tests

When to Use a Remote Unit 4

4-3

Table 4-1. Remote Requirements for Cable Tests

Test Remote Unit

Autotest Required.

Wire Map Required.

NEXT,

NEXT@REMOTE Recommended for NEXT; required for NEXT@REMOTE.

ELFEXT Required. Test available only in Autotest mode.

Length Optional. Without a remote, the limit and pass/fail result are not

shown.

Impedance Optional.

Attenuation Required.

Resistance Optional. Without a remote, the resistance of cable pairs is reported

as “open”, assuming the cable pair is not shorted.

RL, RL@REMOTE Recommended for RL; required for RL@REMOTE.

ACR,

ACR@REMOTE

PSACR,

PSACR@REMOTE

Required. Tests available only in Autotest mode.

PSNEXT,

PSNEXT@REMOTE Recommended for PSNEXT; required for PSNEXT@REMOTE.

PSELFEXT Required. Test is available only in Autotest mode.

HDTDR Optional. Without a remote, the end of the cable is not identified.

HDTDX Analyzer Recommended. Without a remote, results from tests on short cables

may be unreliable.

Impulse Noise Recommended. Without a remote, test results may not represent the

level of noise present on a terminated cable.

Coaxial tests Never used.

Traffic Monitor Never used.

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4-4

Running a Single Test on Twisted Pair Cabling

To run a test as a Single Test, refer to Figure 4-1 and proceed as follows:

Note

For instructions on running the HDTDR test or HDTDX analyzer,

see the later sections on those topics in this chapter.

1. Attach the appropriate link interface adapters to the main and remote units.

Refer to the table in the Appendix.

2. Turn on the remote unit.

3. Connect the remote to the far end of the cable link. For channel testing,

connect using the network equipment patch cord.

4. Turn the rotary switch on the main unit to SINGLE TEST.

5. Connect the test tool to the near end of the cable link. For channel testing,

connect using the network equipment patch cord.

6. Use U D to highlight the test you want to run.

7. Press E to start the highlighted test.

Note

If a remote is required for the test, but is not connected, the test tool

displays the message SCANNING FOR SMART REMOTE and

does not run the test until a remote is connected.

If the calibration message appears, refer to “Calibrating the Test

Tool” in Chapter 6 for complete calibration instructions.

Running Individual Tests

Running a Single Test on Twisted Pair Cabling 4

4-5

Wall

outlet

Transition

outlet

Patch cord

from hub

Patch cord

from PC

Horizontal

cross-connect

Horizontal

cabling

Telecommunications

closet Work Area

Test Tool

Smart

Remote

TALK

Hub

Channel LIA

oy08f.eps

Figure 4-1. Single Test Connections for Twisted Pair Cabling (Channel Connections Shown)

DSP-4000 Series

Users Manual

4-6

The HDTDX Analyzer

The HDTDX (High-Definition Time Domain Crosstalk) analyzer displays the

locations where crosstalk occurs on the cabling under test. The HDTDX test uses

very short (2 ns) test pulses, which help the test tool resolve smaller crosstalk

problems, resulting in more accurate distance-to-fault measurements and better

definition of faults on plots. The test is run from both ends of the cabling to help

you identify crosstalk sources across the entire link length. You can view the test

results in a list or plot format. The list format shows the largest crosstalk value

detected on the cabling. The plot shows all of the crosstalk detected.

The crosstalk values displayed are adjusted to compensate for cable attenuation.

The values represent the approximate levels of crosstalk as they appear at the

sources of the crosstalk. If the crosstalk magnitude is near 50 %, you can expect

the NEXT test to fail.

The HDTDX analyzer results are not intended for use in determining if cabling

meets specifications; the results are intended to help you locate the sources of

crosstalk on cabling. To determine if cabling meets specifications for crosstalk,

run the NEXT test.

Running the HDTDX Analyzer

Note

You can run the HDTDX analyzer with or without a remote. If you

run the analyzer without a remote, the results will be less reliable.

To run the HDTDX analyzer, proceed as follows:

1. Attach twisted pair link interface adapters to the remote and main units.

2. If you are testing with a remote, turn on the remote; then connect the remote to

the far end of the cable link.

3. Turn the rotary switch on the main unit to SINGLE TEST.

4. Verify that the test standard and cable type displayed are correct.

5. Connect the test tool to the near end of the cable link.

6. Press E to run the HDTDX analyzer.

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4-8

HDTDX Analyzer Plot

To view a HDTDX analyzer plot for a set of cable pairs, use D U to highlight

the pairs, then press # View Plot to see the plot screen for the pairs. Figure

4-2 describes an example of a HDTDX analyzer plot.

oy20c.eps

1The cable pairs relevant to the results.

2The distance along the cable under test. The 0 at the left of the scale represents the

location of the main test tool.

3Magnitude of crosstalk on the cable pair. A peak over 50 indicates a crosstalk level that

exceeds the limit specified by the selected test standard. Crosstalk levels are adjusted

to compensate for cable attenuation.

4The Cursor Readout shows the distance to the crosstalk source at the cursor’s

position. The cursor aligns to the highest crosstalk peak. Use L R to move the cursor

left or right.

5Use D U to change the maximum distance of the horizontal scale.

Figure 4-2. Example of an HDTDX Analyzer Plot for a Good Twisted Pair Cable Run

DSP-4000 Series

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4-12

HDTDR Results Screen

When the HDTDR test is complete, the HDTDR results screen appears. Table 4-4

describes the items on the screen.

Table 4-4. Items on an HDTDR Results Screen (Twisted Pair Results)

Item Description

Pair The cable pair relevant to the results. Not shown for coaxial cable results.

Distance The first distance is the measured distance from the test tool to the end of

the cable. The second distance, if shown, is the distance from the test tool

to the beginning of the largest anomaly that caused a reflection greater

than the limit defined by the selected test standard.

Peak The percentage of the test signal reflected at the peak of the anomaly.

@ View

Plot Press to see a plot of the locations and reflection percentages of the

impedance anomalies detected.

HDTDR Plot Screen

To view the HDTDR plot for a cable pair, use D U to highlight one of the pairs;

then press @ View Plot to see the plot screen for that pair. Figure 4-3

describes an example of a HDTDR plot.

Running Individual Tests

The HDTDR Test 4

4-13

oy21c.eps

1The cable pair relevant to the results.

2The peak value as reported on the results screen.

3The distance along the cabling under test. The 0 at the left of the scale represents the

location of the main test tool.

4The distance to the end of the cabling as reported on the results screen.

5The percentage of reflected signal relative to the size of the HDTDR test signal. Positive

pulses indicate locations on the cabling where the impedance increased. Negative pulses

indicate locations on the cabling where the impedance decreased. Bi-polar pulses usually

indicate connectors.

6The Cursor Readout shows the location and the reflection percentage at the cursor’s

position. Use L R to move the cursor left or right.

7Use D U to change the maximum distance of the horizontal scale.

8Toggles the vertical scale from 100% (1X) to 25% (4X).

Figure 4-3. Example of an HDTDR Plot (Twisted Pair Results)

DSP-4000 Series

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4-14

Single Test Results for Twisted Pair Cabling

The Single Test results for twisted pair cabling are identical to those displayed by

an Autotest, with exceptions noted in the following paragraphs.

Tests not required by the selected test standard produce a Warning result when

measured values exceed the test’s limits.

Wire Map

Wire map results are identical to the Autotest version. See “Wire Map” in Chapter

3 for details. The Single Test version of the wire map test includes the scanning

function.

LengthIf a remote is connected, the length test and results are identical to the Autotest

version. See “Length” in Chapter 3 for details.

If a remote is not connected, the test tool displays the message NO REMOTE

DETECTED, and the limit and result columns are not shown. If the length of a

cable pair cannot be determined, the length value on the display is blank and

WARNING appears in the result column.

NEXT and NEXT@REMOTE

The NEXT test and results are identical to the Autotest version. See “NEXT” in

Chapter 3 for details.

The NEXT@REMOTE test and results are identical to the Autotest version. See

“NEXT@REMOTE” in Chapter 3 for details.

ELFEXT

The ELFEXT test and results are identical to the Autotest version. See Chapter 3

for details.

Running Individual Tests

Single Tests for Coaxial Cabling 4

4-17

BNC “T”

Connector

12345678

For Length Test,

remove far-end

Terminator

Channel LIA

Test Tool

OFF

MONITOR

SETUP

SPECIAL

FUNCTIONS

SINGLE

TEST

AUTO

TEST

DSP-4000

CABLE ANALYZER

TALK

EXIT

ENTER

TEST SAVE

1234

FAULT

INFO

oy22f.eps

Figure 4-4. Single Test Connections for Coaxial Cabling

Running Individual Tests

Monitoring Network Activity 4

4-19

Monitoring Network Activity

Note

Monitoring network activity requires the DSP-LIA013 adapter.

The MONITOR mode on the rotary switch lets you monitor Ethernet traffic for

collisions, jabber, peak traffic, and percentage of network utilization. You can

monitor traffic on 10BASE-T or 100BASE-TX twisted pair cabling.

This feature lets you identify active cabling and provides some information on

network activity. If you want to troubleshoot active networks, contact your Fluke

Networks representative for information on LAN diagnostic tools.

When connected to a network, the test tool automatically generates link pulses to

activate the hub. The test tool uses Auto-Negotiation when attempting to link to

monitor 10/100BASE-TX traffic. If a link state does not occur, the test tool

displays the warning message NO LINK PULSE.

To monitor network traffic on a twisted pair Ethernet network, refer to Figure 4-5

and proceed as follows:

Test Tool with

DSP-LIA013 adapter

RJ45

Jacks

oy23f.eps

Figure 4-5. Connections for Monitoring Network Traffic

DSP-4000 Series

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4-20

Notes

To extend battery life, use the ac adapter/charger when monitoring

network traffic for extended periods. While monitoring network

traffic, the test tool’s automatic power-down function is disabled.

The Monitor jack does not support the Talk mode.

1. Attach a traffic link interface adapter (such as the DSP-LIA013) to the test

tool.

2. Turn the rotary switch to MONITOR.

3. Use D to highlight 10/100BASE-TX Traffic.

4. Remove any cable connected to the test tool’s unused test connector.

5. Use a patch cable of the correct impedance to connect the test tool to the

network as shown in Figure 4-5. Connect to the jack indicated by the arrow at

the top of the display.

6. Press T to start the traffic test.

7. Use the #10T Only or #100TX Only softkey to select traffic

monitoring at 10 Mb/s or 100 Mb/s.

If you don't know which speed to use, and the test tool is not already trying to

link using Auto-Negotiation, press # until the display reads

Auto-Negotiation. This lets the test tool select the proper speed to

match the hub.

As the traffic test runs, the results shown on the test tool’s display are updated

every second. Table 4-5 describes the items on the screen.

Running Individual Tests

Monitoring Network Activity 4

4-21

Table 4-5. Items on the Traffic Monitor Screen

Item Description

Utilization

Last 1

second

Percentage of the network’s transmission bandwidth used over the last 1

second. Utilization includes correct frames, collisions, and jabber. The

percentage indicates the current traffic density.

Utilization

Average

The average of all the 1-second utilization percentages since the start of the

test.

Utilization

Peak

The highest 1-second utilization percentage recorded since the start of the

test.

Collisions

Last 1

second

The percentage of collision frames as compared to the total number of

frames detected in the last 1 second. Collisions are counted when runt

packets are detected.

Collisions

Average

The average of all the 1-second collision percentages since the start of the

test.

Collisions

Peak

The highest 1-second collision percentage recorded since the start of the

test.

Bottom of screen If jabber is detected, the message Jabber Detected appears in this

space. A jabber is reported if a frame is detected to be larger than the

maximum legal size. If no link pulse is detected, the message NO LINK

PULSE appears in this space.

! Sound

@ Sound

Off

Activates and deactivates a sound that represents network activity.

$ Stop

Test

Stops the traffic test and freezes the screen. To restart the traffic test, press

DSP-4000 Series

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6-6

7-1

Chapter 7

Basic Cabling Testing

Chapter 7 provides the following information:

• A description of LAN cable construction

• A description of channel, basic link, and permanent link configurations

• Explanations of LAN cable tests

• Explanations of the HDTDX and HDTDR analyzer tests and plots

• Basic troubleshooting procedures for LAN cable.

LAN Cable Construction

LAN cables have a number of characteristics in common with other types of

electrical cables. All electrical cables have continuity, which means that they serve

as a complete path for electrical current flow. Each end of a cable has some type of

connector for connecting the cable to the appropriate electrical device. Cables with

multiple wires usually have a pin assignment that describes how the wires are

arranged in the connectors.

DSP-4000 Series

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7-2

Cables are designed to perform best in specific applications. For example, power

cables are designed to minimize power losses at frequencies of 50 Hz or 60 Hz.

LAN cables are designed to minimize signal distortion at higher frequencies.

Two types of cables are designed for use with LAN systems: twisted pair cable

and coaxial cable.

Twisted Pair Cable

Twisted pair cable consists of wire pairs that are twisted together, as shown in

Figure 7-1. The wires are twisted to minimize crosstalk between the cable pairs.

Transformer Transformer

oy27f.eps

Figure 7-1. Twisted Pair Cable Construction

Each cable pair forms a complete electrical path for signal transmission. The

currents flowing through the wires in each pair are equal, but flow in opposite

directions. These currents produce electromagnetic fields that could transmit

electrical noise to nearby wires. However, the fields surrounding the two wires

have opposite polarities. Twisting the wires together causes the fields to cancel

out, which minimizes the electrical noise, or crosstalk, generated by each cable

pair.

There are two types of twisted pair cable: shielded twisted pair (STP) and

unshielded twisted pair (UTP). STP cable, which may also be referred to as ScTP

(screened twisted pair) or FTP (foil-screened twisted pair), contains a conductive

shield that is electrically grounded to protect the wires inside from electrical noise.

STP cable is more expensive and more difficult to install than UTP.

Basic Cabling Testing

LAN Cable Construction 7

7-3

Figure 7-2 shows the pin connections and wire colors for correct wiring to TIA

568A and 568B standards.

WG G

Pair 3

WO O WBR BR

Pair 4

BL WBL

Pin 1 Pin 2 Pin 3 Pin 6 Pin 7 Pin 8Pin 4 Pin 5

Pair 1

Pair 2

WO O

Pair 2

WG G WBR BR

Pair 4

BL WBL

Pin 1 Pin 2 Pin 3 Pin 6 Pin 7 Pin 8Pin 4 Pin 5

Pair 1

Pair 3

568A

568B

oy28f.eps

Figure 7-2. EIA/TIA RJ45 Connections

The 568A and 568B wiring standards have the same electrical performance;

however, the two standards should not be mixed in the same network because of

the risk of wiring errors.

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7-4

Coaxial Cable

Coaxial cable consists of a conductor surrounded first by an insulating material,

then by a braided conductive sheath, as shown in Figure 7-3. In LAN applications,

the sheath is electrically grounded and serves as a shield that protects the inner

conductor from electrical noise. The shield also helps eliminate signal loss by

keeping the transmitted signal confined to cable.

Coaxial cable can carry a wider range of frequencies and can be used in greater

lengths than twisted pair cable. However, coaxial cable is more expensive than

twisted pair.

Coaxial Cable

Dielectric

Conductor

Shield

Jacket

oy29f.eps

Figure 7-3. Coaxial Cable Construction

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7-6

Channel Connections

A channel includes the transition connectors and equipment patch cables added to

a basic link segment. The channel should be tested from end to end to verify the

performance of all the components. In this case, you use the equipment patch

cables to connect your test tool to the channel, as shown in Figure 7-5. TSB-67

defines the channel as a basic link plus one extra transition connector at each end

and up to 10 meters of equipment patch cables. Because of the extra connectors

and patch cables, the test limits for a channel are looser than those for the basic

link.

A channel with just one connector at each end resembles a basic link; however,

you would use a channel test standard if you are using the network equipment’s

patch cables to connect to your test tool.

Network

equipment

patch cable

Network

equipment

patch cable

Horizontal cabling

Channel

Horizontal

cross connect

Test Tool Smart

Remote

TALK

Start

channel End

channel

Transition

connector

oy69f.eps

Figure 7-5. Channel Test Connections

DSP-4000 Series

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7-10

LAN cables act as antennas that can pick up noise from fluorescent lights, electric

motors, electric heaters, photocopiers, refrigerators, elevators, and other electronic

devices. Coaxial cable is far less susceptible to noise than twisted pair cable

because it is shielded by a conductive sheath. The sheath is electrically grounded

to prevent noise from reaching the inner conductor.

The test tool measures impulse noise on the cable under test. Impulse noise is

abrupt “spikes” of interference. This noise is caused by electronic devices that run

intermittently, such as elevators, photocopiers, and microwave ovens. You can

monitor impulse noise in the test tool’s MONITOR mode. The test tool counts

impulse noise spikes that have an amplitude greater than the selected impulse

noise threshold.

Characteristic Impedance

Characteristic impedance is the impedance that a cable would have if the cable

were infinitely long. Impedance is a type of resistance that opposes the flow of

alternating current (ac). A cable’s characteristic impedance is a complex property

resulting from the combined effects of the cable’s inductive, capacitive, and

resistive values. These values are determined by physical parameters such as the

size of the conductors, distance between conductors, and the properties of the

cable’s insulation material.

Proper network operation depends on a constant characteristic impedance

throughout the system’s cables and connectors. Abrupt changes in characteristic

impedance, called impedance discontinuities or impedance anomalies, cause

signals reflections, which can distort signals transmitted through LAN cables and

cause network faults.

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7-12

The test tool measures NEXT (near-end crosstalk) by applying a test signal to one

cable pair and measuring the amplitude of the crosstalk signals received by the

other cable pairs. The NEXT value, expressed in decibels, is computed as the

difference in amplitude between the test signal and the crosstalk signal measured

at the same end of the cabling. Higher NEXT values correspond to less crosstalk

and better cabling performance.

All signals transmitted through cabling are affected by attenuation. Because of

attenuation, crosstalk occurring at the far end of the cabling contributes less to

NEXT than crosstalk occurring closer to the signal source. To verify proper

cabling performance, NEXT is measured from both ends of the cabling.

FEXT and ELFEXT

FEXT (far-end crosstalk) is the difference between the amplitude of a far end test

signal applied to one wire pair and the resulting crosstalk at the near end on a

different wire pair. Like NEXT, FEXT is expressed in decibels, and higher FEXT

values correspond to better cabling performance.

ELFEXT (equal level far-end crosstalk) is the difference between the FEXT and

the attenuation of the disturbed wire pair. Like ACR, ELFEXT is a type of signal-

to-noise ratio that indicates the transmission quality of a cable link. The name

"Equal Level FEXT" refers to the fact that all FEXT signals are attenuated equally.

Figure 7-9 illustrates this important difference between NEXT and FEXT.

Crosstalk signals received far from a transmitter contribute little to NEXT because

they are attenuated over a long distance. But all FEXT signals are attenuated by

the same amount, so they all contribute equally to crosstalk at the far end.

Because all FEXT signals travel the same distance, they tend to add up in phase.

This means that the signals always add up to a worst-case FEXT value.

There can be a difference between the NEXT and FEXT of a link, particularly in

the connecting hardware. This difference is due to the nature of the capacitive and

inductive currents that cause crosstalk. At a signal source (the near end) these

currents can subtract. If the currents subtracted at the near end, they add up at the

far end. Thus, a connector that attains high NEXT by balancing the two currents

may have very poor FEXT performance.

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7-16

Split Pairs and NEXT

A split pair occurs when one wire from a cable pair is twisted together with a wire

from a different cable pair. Split pairs most frequently result from miswires at

punchdown blocks and cable connectors. Figure 7-11 shows an example of split

pair wiring. Notice that the pin-to-pin connections across the cable are correct, but

the pairs twisted together do not form a complete circuit.

Incorrect Wiring: Split Pair

oy33f.eps

Figure 7-11. Split Pair Wiring

Split pairs cause severe crosstalk because the signals in the twisted pairs come

from different circuits. The high crosstalk levels produced by split pairs cause low

NEXT values during cabling tests. If the NEXT value is low enough, the test tool

reports a split pair during the wire map test.

The tool may also report split pairs if you test untwisted cable, such as ribbon

cable or untwisted telephone line.

If the tool reports split pairs when you are testing cabling made of multiple

segments, you can determine which segment has the split pair by running the

HDTDX analyzer. The HDTDX analyzer plot will show a large value of crosstalk

starting at a distance that corresponds to the beginning of the segment with the

split pair.

DSP-4000 Series

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7-20

NVP and Length Measurements

Length measurements depend directly on the NVP value entered for the selected

cable type. To measure length, the test tool first measures the time it takes for a

test pulse to travel the length of the cabling. The test tool then calculates cabling

length by multiplying the travel time by the signal speed in the cable.

Because the test tool uses the length measurement to determine cable resistance

limits, the NVP value also affects the accuracy of resistance measurements.

NVP Calibration

The NVP values specified for standard cables are included in the cable

specifications stored in the test tool. These values are accurate enough for most

length measurements. However, the actual NVP for one cable type can vary up to

20 % between batches because of variations in the manufacturing process.

Therefore, if accurate length measurements are critical to your installation or

testing process, you should determine the actual NVP value for each spool of

cable. Determining the NVP value involves measuring a known length of cable

and adjusting the test tool’s length measurement to match the known length. As

you adjust the length measurement, the NVP value changes accordingly. The

calibration procedure is explained in “NVP Calibration” in Chapter 6.

High-Definition Time Domain Reflectometry (HDTDR)

HDTDR is a measurement technique used to determine cabling length and

characteristic impedance and to locate faults along the cabling. Time Domain

Reflectometry is sometimes referred to as cable radar because it involves

analyzing signal reflections in the cabling.

If a signal traveling through cabling encounters an abrupt change in impedance,

some or all of the signal is reflected back to the source. The timing, size, and

polarity of the reflected signals indicate the location and nature of impedance

anomalies in the cabling.

The test tool applies very short (2 ns) test pulses to the cabling under test. The

short pulses help the test tool resolve smaller anomalies, resulting in more accurate

distance-to-fault measurements and better definition of faults on plots. The test is

run from both ends of the cabling (if the remote is used) for improved visibility of

far-end anomalies.

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7-22

Reflections from Shorts

A short represents an abrupt decrease in the impedance between two conductors in

a cable. A short is caused when the insulation surrounding a cable’s wires is

damaged, allowing the wires to touch each other. The result is a near-zero

impedance connection between the conductors.

A short also causes signal reflections, but in a manner opposite of an open. In a

shorted cable, the signal’s energy is not dissipated because the short’s impedance

is close to zero. The signal is reflected back to the source, where it appears with

the same amplitude but a polarity opposite of the original signal, as shown in

Figure 7-13.

Reflections from Other Anomalies

Reflections are also caused by impedance anomalies that measure somewhere

between infinite and zero impedance. These anomalies can be caused by

mechanical stress that damages cable wire or insulation without causing a

complete open or short. They can also be caused by cable mismatches and faulty

contacts at connectors or punch-down blocks.

A cable fault that has an impedance higher than the cable’s characteristic

impedance reflects a signal that has the same polarity as the original signal. If the

fault is not a complete open, the amplitude of the reflected signal will be less than

the original signal.

If the fault’s impedance is lower than the cable’s characteristic impedance, but is

not a complete short, the reflected signal will have the opposite polarity and less

amplitude than the original signal.

DSP-4000 Series

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7-26

RL RL (return loss) is the difference between the power of a transmitted signal and the

power of the signal reflections caused by variations in the cable’s impedance. A

RL plot indicates how well a cable’s impedance matches its rated impedance over

a range of frequencies. High RL values mean a close impedance match, which

results in a large difference between the powers of transmitted and reflected

signals. Cables with high RL values are more efficient at transmitting LAN signals

because little of the signal is lost in reflections.

Good return loss is especially important for high-speed systems, such as Gigabit

Ethernet (IEEE 802.3x), that transmit full-duplex (bi-directional) data over

individual pairs. Full-duplex transceivers use directional couplers to distinguish

between incoming and outgoing signals. If a cable has poor return loss, the

couplers might interpret the reflected signals as incoming data, resulting in data

errors.

Basic Cabling Testing

Troubleshooting Basics 7

7-31

Table 7-1. Identifying Cabling Faults (continued)

Wire Map Display Diagnostics Display (F)Plot

Wire map display showing

short between pins 1 and 3.

oy64i.bmp oy65i.bmp

NEXT test fails.

oy66i.bmp oy67i.bmp

Impedance anomaly is

detected.

HDTDR plot shows an

impedance anomaly caused

by a 150 Ω cable segment in

a 100 Ω run.

oy68i.bmp oy70i.bmp

DSP-4000 Series

Users Manual

7-32

8-1

Chapter 8

Maintenance and Specifications

Chapter 8 provides the following information:

• Instructions for cleaning and storing the test tool.

• Instructions for replacing batteries.

• A troubleshooting guide to use when the test tool is not operating correctly.

• Instructions for returning the unit for repair.

• A list of replacement parts and accessories.

• Electrical and mechanical specifications.

Getting Software Upgrades

Keeping your test tool’s software current gives you access to new features and the

latest test standards. Software upgrades are available for free on the Fluke

Networks website. See the online help in LinkWare for information on installing

upgrades.

Maintenance

XWarning

To avoid possible fire, electric shock, personal injury, or

damage to the test tool

• Use only specified replacement parts.

• Do not let water get into the case.

• Remove all input signals before opening the case.

• Use only Fluke Networks authorized service centers.

Produktspecifikationer

Varumärke:	Fluke
Kategori:	Mätinstrument
Modell:	DSP-4000

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